Analysis of the crash of TK 1951 using CATS

Ale, B.J.M.; Bellamy, Linda J.; Cooper, Joseph L.; Ababei, Dan; Kurowicka, Dorota; Morales, O.; Spouge, J R

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2009.11.014

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The aircraft eventually crashed in a field at a distance of approximately 1.5 km (0.8 nm) from the runway threshold. Using the Causal model for Air Transport Safety (CATS), Ale et al [54] modeled the genesis of this accident. Their results indicated that the probability of a collision with the ground in the case of insufficient monitoring when combined with instrument failure increases by a factor of almost 600.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies

Lefrancois

Matton

Causse

2021

Safety

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Poor cockpit monitoring has been identified as an important contributor to aviation accidents. Improving pilots’ monitoring strategies could therefore help to enhance flight safety. During two different sessions, we analyzed the flight performance and eye movements of professional airline pilots in a full-flight simulator. In a pre-training session, 20 pilots performed a manual approach scenario as pilot flying (PFs) and were classified into three groups according to their flight performance: unstabilized, standard, and most accurate. The unstabilized pilots either under- or over-focused various instruments. Their number of visual scanning patterns was lower than those of pilots who managed to stabilize their approach. The most accurate pilots showed a higher perceptual efficiency with shorter fixation times and more fixations on important primary flight instruments. Approximately 10 months later, fourteen pilots returned for a post-training session. They received a short training program and performed a similar manual approach as during the pre-training session. Seven of them, the experimental group, received individual feedback on their own performance and visual behavior (i.e., during the pre-training session) and a variety of data obtained from the most accurate pilots, including an eye-tracking video showing efficient visual scanning strategies from one of the most accurate pilots. The other seven, the control group, received general guidelines on cockpit monitoring. During the post-training session, the experimental group had better flight performance (compared to the control group), and its visual scanning strategies became more similar to those of the most accurate pilots. In summary, our results suggest that cockpit monitoring underlies manual flight performance and that it can be improved using a training program based mainly on exposure to eye movement examples from highly accurate pilots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies

Lefrancois

Matton

Causse

2021

Safety

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“…This model later was used among others to search for the most likely cause of an airline crash in the Netherlands in 2009 (Ale et al, 2010). Also, this development would now be designated as a use of big data.…”

Section: Evaluating Accidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk analysis and big data

Ale

2016

Safety and Reliability

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Big Data can help overcome various problems that exist in present risk analysis practices. By analysing systems as a whole, it is no longer necessary to define in advance what a failure is and what a success is. It is also possible to evaluate how factors that are considered to promote success can combine into catastrophic failures. Big in Big Data is relative. What was called big data 25 years ago is now called small. The continuous development of analysis techniques over the years have resulted in several operational models that use the concept of Big Data. They will become better as the technology and the accessibility of data further improves. With this new generation of systems models, accidents and incidents do not have to wait for analysis to after the fact. They can be studied beforehand in a model. Replacing hindsight by foresight can help to make the world safer, if we desire to do so.

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“…x (t) = Ax (t) + Bu (t) (1) y (t) = x(t) + β where A ∈ R n×n is the system matrix assumed to be unknown, B ∈ R n×m is a known input matrix, x (t) ∈ R n is the system state, and u (t) ∈ R m is the control input. y (t) ∈ R n is the available state measurement with an unknown constant bias β ∈ R n .…”

Section: Sensor Bias and Standard Mracmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actuator dynamics are not considered. The linear time-invariant plant is described by (1), where the system matrices are …”

Section: Via Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accommodating Sensor Bias in MRAC for State Tracking

Patre

Joshi

2011

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference

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The problem of accommodating unknown sensor bias is considered in a direct model reference adaptive control (MRAC) setting for state tracking using state feedback. Sensor faults can occur during operation, and if the biased state measurements are directly used with a standard MRAC control law, neither closed-loop signal boundedness, nor asymptotic tracking can be guaranteed and the resulting tracking errors may be unbounded or unacceptably large. A modified MRAC law is proposed, which combines a bias estimator with control gain adaptation, and it is shown that signal boundedness can be accomplished, although the tracking error may not go to zero. Further, for the case wherein an asymptotically stable sensor bias estimator is available, an MRAC control law is proposed to accomplish asymptotic tracking and signal boundedness. Such a sensor bias estimator can be designed if additional sensor measurements are available, as illustrated for the case wherein bias is present in the rate gyro and airspeed measurements. Numerical example results are presented to illustrate each of the schemes.

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Analysis of the crash of TK 1951 using CATS

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies

Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies

Risk analysis and big data

Accommodating Sensor Bias in MRAC for State Tracking

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