Analysis of the Cryptographic Tools for Blockchain and Bitcoin

Martínez, Víctor Gayoso; Hernández–Álvarez, Luis; Encinas, Luis Hernández

doi:10.3390/math8010131

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The first transaction in the blockchain is saved in Block-1 and is executed by the smart contract algorithm. The block header of block-1 is hash (SHA256 or SHA 512) of all the data available in block 0 as shown by the hash pointer [8]. Similarly, the block header of block2 has the hash of the entire block-1.…”

Section: Proposed Methods Of Ipowercoin Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Blockchain Technology in Energy Banking and Electricity Markets

Jain

Khandelwal

Agarwal

2021

HighTech. Innov. J.

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The power system reforms worldwide have commoditized electric energy and thus the electricity market has been developed. With this, trading of electric energy takes place in various time-domain like the day ahead, real-time, etc. These transactions take place through over the counter (OTC) or Power Exchange (Px) which provide to the market participants the required platform and payment security. The transactions on OTC and Px requires a third-party platform and guarantee for contract & settlement, there incurs overhead cost. Since electric energy is a fungible commodity, it can be transacted very well with the old system like barter. Energy Banking is one such mechanism wherein one utility supplies the energy to another utility that need it more and in leisure, the energy can then be provided back. The requisite security of the transactions can be provided by blockchain technology. Energy banking is presently being done only on MW quantum basis with no price tag despite the cost being dependent on the demand-supply ratio. To ensure energy banking transactions in real-time and free from the perils of financial settlements, this article suggests the use of the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model of blockchain technology for executing Smart Contracts mutually agreed upon by both parties and avoiding third parties overhead costs. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-03-03 Full Text: PDF

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Section: Proposed Methods Of Ipowercoin Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Blockchain Technology in Energy Banking and Electricity Markets

Jain

Khandelwal

Agarwal

2021

HighTech. Innov. J.

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“…Fundamentally, two kinds of cryptographic algorithms are used in blockchains. The first one is known as asymmetric or public-key cryptography [46], and the second one is called hashing [47] both of which are elaborated further in this section.…”

Section: Effect Of Blockchain's Primary Cryptography On Privacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Evaluation of Privacy Efficiency in Blockchain Networks: Review and Open Challenges

2021

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With the widespread of blockchain technology, preserving the anonymity and confidentiality of transactions have become crucial. An enormous portion of blockchain research is dedicated to the design and development of privacy protocols but not much has been achieved for proper assessment of these solutions. To mitigate the gap, we have first comprehensively classified the existing solutions based on blockchain fundamental building blocks (i.e., smart contracts, cryptography, and hashing). Next, we investigated the evaluation criteria used for validating these techniques. The findings depict that the majority of privacy solutions are validated based on computing resources i.e., memory, time, storage, throughput, etc., only, which is not sufficient. Hence, we have additionally identified and presented various other factors that strengthen or weaken blockchain privacy. Based on those factors, we have formulated an evaluation framework to analyze the efficiency of blockchain privacy solutions. Further, we have introduced a concept of privacy precision that is a quantifiable measure to empirically assess privacy efficiency in blockchains. The calculation of privacy precision will be based on the effectiveness and strength of various privacy protecting attributes of a solution and the associated risks. Finally, we conclude the paper with some open research challenges and future directions. Our study can serve as a benchmark for empirical assessment of blockchain privacy.

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“…That individual will digitally sign the final hash pointer of the chain, and will make it publicly available. The digital signature is the procedure that allows to assure that a piece of data comes from the legitimate sender [40,41]. Changes in the transactions that have already been integrated into the blockchain will be detected, as it will affect the successive blocks of the data chain.…”

Section: Blockchain Distributed System For Tracking the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every internal block has the same structure, including a header containing the block version (which imply the set of rules to be followed), the parent block hash (a hash value that points to the previous block, typically performed with the SHA-256 function), the Merkle tree root (as the hash value of all the transactions in the block), a timestamp, and a nonce (a number used only once) [40]. In turn, the body of the block is composed by a transaction counter and one or more transactions [44].…”

Section: Blockchain Distributed System For Tracking the Supply Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceability of Ready-to-Wear Clothing through Blockchain Technology

et al. 2020

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Traceability and monitoring of industrial processes are becoming more important to assure the value of final products. Blockchain technology emerged as part of a movement linked to criptocurrencies and the Internet of Things, providing nice-to-have features such as traceability, authenticity and security to sectors willing to use this technology. In the retail industry, blockchain offers users the possibility to monitor details about time and place of elaboration, the origin of raw materials, the quality of materials involved in the manufacturing processes, information on the people or companies that work on it, etc. It allows to control and monitor textile articles, from their production or importing initial steps, up to their acquisition by the end consumer, using the blockchain as a means of tracking and identification during the whole process. This technology can also be used by the apparel industry in general and, more specifically, for ready-to-wear clothing, for tracing suppliers and customers along the entire logistics chain. The goal of this paper is to introduce the more recent traceability schemes for the apparel industry together with the proposal of a framework for ready-to-wear clothing which allows to ensure the transparency in the supply chain, clothing authenticity, reliability and integrity, and validity of the retail final products, and of the elements that compose the whole supply chain. In order to illustrate the proposal, a case study on a women’s shirt from an apparel and fashion company, where a private and open blockchain is used for tracing the product, is included. Blockchain actors are proposed for each product stage.

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Analysis of the Cryptographic Tools for Blockchain and Bitcoin

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Use of Blockchain Technology in Energy Banking and Electricity Markets

Use of Blockchain Technology in Energy Banking and Electricity Markets

Empirical Evaluation of Privacy Efficiency in Blockchain Networks: Review and Open Challenges

Traceability of Ready-to-Wear Clothing through Blockchain Technology

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