Analysis of the Effect of a Sunscreen Agent on the Suppression of Natural Killer Cell Activity Induced in Human Subjects by Radiation from Solarium Lamps

Hersey, Peter; MacDonald, Malcolm; Burns, Christine; Schibeci, Steven; Matthews, Helen; Wilkinson, F. J.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12466123

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Other experimental parameters contributing to tbe suggested inefficacy of sunscreens to prevent immune suppression include; (1) using noncommercial sunscreen preparations containing a single active ingredient [13,[25][26][27], wbicb is not representative of marketed sunscreens; (2) evaluating sunscreen immune-protection efficacy based on unrelated pbotobiologic end points, e.g., mouse skin edema and erytbema [20,22,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]; and (3) using UV exposure doses tbat exceed tbe UV-immunosuppressorigenic absorption capacity of tbe sunscreen under investigation [13,14,[19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27][28]. It bas been concluded tbat no direct relation exists between UV-induced inflammation (as measured by skin edema or erytbema) and immune suppression in mice [25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Sunscreen Lotions Prevent Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Immune Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity

Roberts

Beasley

1995

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation suppresses certain immunologic responses, such as contact hypersensitivity (CH). Some previous studies, using sunlamps emitting nonsolar-spectrum UV or excessive UV doses, have questioned the ability of sunscreens to prevent UV-induced immune suppression. Our study evaluated the immune protection capacities of commercial sunscreen lotions in relation to the effects of UV spectrum and dose. C3H mice were exposed to a fixed UV dose from Kodacel-filtered FS sunlamps that caused maximum Langerhans cell depletion and suppression of CH. Kodacel film blocks UV energy below 290 nm, thus eliminating immune-suppressive effects of UVC (200-290 nm) not present in sunlight. CH was equally suppressed in unprotected and placebo-lotion-treated, UV-exposed mice. Mice protected with sun protection factor (SPF)-15 and SPF-30 sunscreens mounted normal CH responses. SPF-4 and SPF-8 sunscreen-protected mice had CH responses significantly greater than those of unprotected mice. Direct effects of UV spectral differences on the immune protection value of an SPF-15 sunscreen were determined by exposing mice to UV radiation from unfiltered and Kodacel-filtered sunlamps and a 1000-W xenon lamp solar simulator (UV spectrum nearly equivalent to sunlight). The sunscreen immune protection value was 30 times the minimum immune suppression dose for the solar simulator, while being 7.5 times this dose for Kodacel-filtered and 2 times the dose for unfiltered sunlamps. These results demonstrate that commercial sunscreen lotions prevent UV-induced immune suppression at a level exceeding the labeled SPF when tested with an environmentally relevant UV source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Sunscreen Lotions Prevent Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Immune Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity

Roberts

Beasley

1995

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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“…Studies in the late 1980s showed that the use of tanning devices has an adverse effect on human immune function (36,37). More recently (2000), Whitmore and Morison (38) reported that 10 full-body exposures over a 2-week period suppressed immunity as assessed by the induction and elicitation arms of the contact hypersensitivity response.…”

Section: Use Of Tanning Devices and Skin Cancer Biomarkers Of Skin Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Tanning Devices – Fast Track to Skin Cancer?

Young

2004

Pigment Cell Research

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The use of UVB and/or UVA emitting devices for cosmetic tanning is widespread in Western populations including young people and is especially prevalent in females. Several epidemiological studies, although not all, have shown a significant relationship between the use of tanning devices and malignant melanoma after, in some cases, adjustment for confounding factors such as solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. A relationship between solar exposure, especially intermittent exposure, and malignant melanoma is well established so it is not surprising that a similar connection has been reported for the use of tanning devices. Several epidemiological studies show that childhood exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for malignant melanoma and this may also be the case for the use of tanning devices, especially if sunburns are obtained.Some studies have evaluated the relationship between the use of tanning devices and non-melanoma skin cancer and at least one has suggested an association. The use of tanning devices by a substantial minority of young people is a worrying trend in terms of a likely increased incidence of malignant melanoma, and possibly non-melanoma cancers in the future. Although two recent reviews by epidemiologists conclude that a clear link between tanning devices and malignant melanoma is yet to be proven, there is a strong case for effective legislation to prohibit the use of tanning devices by people under 18 yr of age.

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“…[1][2][3] Many studies have reported the effects of UVB (290-320 nm) on immune responses such as contact hypersensitivity or delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to haptens but relatively few studies have addressed the effects of UVA in human beings. 1,[4][5][6][7] Some authors have found that UVA had significant suppressive effects 1,4,6 but others did not. 5 The role of sunscreens in preventing UV-induced immunosuppression needs to be clarified.…”

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confidence: 99%

Broad-spectrum sunscreens provide better protection from solar ultraviolet–simulated radiation and natural sunlight–induced immunosuppression in human beings

Moyal

Fourtanier

2008

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

119

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Analysis of the Effect of a Sunscreen Agent on the Suppression of Natural Killer Cell Activity Induced in Human Subjects by Radiation from Solarium Lamps

Cited by 78 publications

References 36 publications

Commercial Sunscreen Lotions Prevent Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Immune Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity

Commercial Sunscreen Lotions Prevent Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Immune Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity

Tanning Devices – Fast Track to Skin Cancer?

Broad-spectrum sunscreens provide better protection from solar ultraviolet–simulated radiation and natural sunlight–induced immunosuppression in human beings

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