Analysis of the effect of temperature on protein abundance in Demodex-associated Bacillus oleronius

Abstract

A potential role for bacteria in the induction of rosacea has been suggested. The aim of this work was to characterise the effect of temperature on the production of immunostimulatory proteins by Bacillus oleronius-a bacterium to which rosacea patients show sera reactivity and which was originally isolated from a Demodex mite from a rosacea patient. The affected skin of rosacea patients is at a higher temperature than unaffected skin, and it was postulated that this might alter the protein expression pattern of B. oleronius. B. oleronius growth was reduced at 37°C compared to 30°C but resulted in increased expression of the immune-reactive 62kDa protein (1.65 fold [P < 0.05]). Proteomic analysis revealed increased abundance of a wide range of proteins involved in the stress response (e.g. stress proteins [21.7-fold increase], phosphocarrier protein HPr [438.5-fold increase], 60 kDa chaperonin [12.6-fold increase]). Proteins decreased in abundance after growth at 37°C included ferredoxin (325-fold decrease) and peptidase (244-fold decrease). This work indicates that the increased skin temperature of rosacea patients may alter the growth and protein production pattern of B. oleronius and lead to the greater production of immuo-stimulatory proteins.

Rosacea, microbiome and probiotics: the gut-skin axis

“…Remarkably, B. oleronius presented antigens that significantly stimulated the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a greater degree in rosacea patients than in controls (Lacey et al, 2007). Further studies have confirmed the immunoreactivity of rosacea patients to 62-and 83-kDa proteins of B. oleronius (O'Reilly et al, 2012;Jarmuda et al, 2014) showed that typical increased skin temperature of rosacea patients modified growth and protein pattern of B. oleronius leading to a greater production of immunoreactive proteins (Maher et al, 2018). Therefore, there is evidence that bacteria provided by Demodex mites can aggravate the established inflammatory response in rosacea.…”

“…Moreover, McMahon et al demonstrated how B. oleronius proteins can induce neutrophil recruitment through activation of the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) pathway with production of proinflammatory cytokines ( McMahon et al, 2016 ). Maher et al showed that typical increased skin temperature of rosacea patients modified growth and protein pattern of B. oleronius leading to a greater production of immunoreactive proteins ( Maher et al, 2018 ). Therefore, there is evidence that bacteria provided by Demodex mites can aggravate the established inflammatory response in rosacea.…”

Interactions between immune system and the microbiome of skin, blood and gut in pathogenesis of rosacea

“…Exposure of neutrophils to proteins from B. oleronius resulted in degranulation and the production of inflammatory cytokines [22,23]. The increased temperature of the inflamed skin of rosacea patients alters the growth and increases the 62-kDa protein production of B. oleronius [24] and thus, continuously re-stimulates the inflammatory response.…”

Differential proteomic response of Agaricus bisporus and Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum to Bacillus velezensis supernatant

“…LFQ proteomics of T. aggressivum and A. bisporus treated with B. velezensis supernatant Proteins were extracted according to Maher et al (2018) from A. bisporus mycelium which was grown for 8-days and then supplemented with B. velezensis supernatant (n = 3) for an additional 2-days. Proteins were also extracted from T. aggressivum mycelium which was grown for 24 h and then supplemented with B. velezensis supernatant (n = 3) for an additional 24 h. The Bradford method was used to quantify proteins for acetone precipitation overnight.…”