Analysis of the effects of surface pitting and wear on the vibration of a gear transmission system

Choy, F. K.; Polyshchuk, V.; Zakrajsek, James J.; Handschuh, Robert F.; Townsend, D. P.

doi:10.1016/0301-679x(95)00037-5

Cited by 144 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It can be seen that the amplitude of new frequency components increases with the growth of pitting severity. These features are very close to experimental observations in the previous study literatures [13,14]. …”

Section: Simulation Of Physical Modelssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Pitting Damage Levels Estimation for Planetary Gear Sets Based on Model Simulation and Grey Relational Analysis

Cheng

et al. 2011

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering

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The planetary gearbox is a critical mechanism in helicopter transmission systems. Tooth failures in planetary gear sets will cause great risk to helicopter operations. A gear pitting damage level estimation methodology has been devised in this paper by integrating a physical model for simulation signal generation, a three-step statistic algorithm for feature selection and damage level estimation for grey relational analysis. The proposed method was calibrated firstly with fault seeded test data and then validated with the data of other tests from a planetary gear set. The estimation results of test data coincide with the actual test records, showing the effectiveness and accuracy of the method in providing a novel way to model based methods and feature selection and weighting methods for more accurate health monitoring and condition prediction.Keywords: planetary gear sets; pitting damage; feature selection; grey relational analysis; damage level estimation. TITRE FRANÇAIS DE L'ARTICLE (MAXIMUM DEUX LIGNES) RÉSUMÉLe résumé français est obligatoire. Évidement, si l'article est rédigé en français, le titre principal et le résumé principal sont en français. Par contre, il ne faut pas traduire le texte « Received…Accession Number 0000 ».Mots-clés : premier mot-clé; deuxième mot-clé; troisième mot-clé. INTRODUCTIONThe majority of mishaps in helicopters are caused by engine and drive train failures. To reduce these mechanically induced failures and excessive maintenance, it is vital to accurately identify and diagnose developing faults in the mechanical system. Planetary gear sets are common mechanical components and are widely used to transmit power and change speed and/or direction in rotary aircrafts. One of the most common causes of planetary gear sets failure is tooth defect due to excessive stress conditions. It results in progressive damage to gear teeth and ultimately leads to the complete failure of the planetary gear sets. This fault is particularly challenging as it is located deep inside the main transmission, suggesting it would be difficult to detect earlier.

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Section: Simulation Of Physical Modelssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Analytical methods can be a good alternative to model tooth failures. Some literature focuses on the tooth stiffness reduction due to damage by considering qualitative proportional reduction [9][10][11][12][13][14]. This research is based on the analytical method.…”

Section: Physical Model Of Planetary Gears With Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting Damage Levels Estimation for Planetary Gear Sets Based on Model Simulation and Grey Relational Analysis

Cheng

et al. 2011

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering

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“…CONTACT Khaldoon F. Brethee khaldoon.brethee@hud.ac.uk,khaldon77m@hotmail.com Moreover, vibration relating to gear spalling or tooth breakage (TB) (Begg et al, 2000;Chaari, Baccar, Abbes, & Haddar, 2008;Jia & Howard, 2006;Lu, Gong, & Qiao, 2012), tooth crack (Chen & Shao, 2011;Mohammed, Rantatalo, & Aidanpää, 2015;Tian, Zuo, & Wu, 2012;Wu, Zuo, & Parey, 2008), tooth surface pitting and wear (Choy, Polyshchuk, Zakrajsek, Handschuh, & Townsend, 1994;Ding, 2007aDing, , 2007bFlodin, 2000) have been used to study these faults in terms of gear fault detection. In general, these models included both translation and rotational motions to show the fault effects on the gear dynamic characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional effects on the dynamic responses of gear systems and the diagnostics of tooth breakages

Brethee

Ball

2016

Systems Science & Control Engineering

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To develop accurate diagnostic techniques, this study examines the dynamic responses of spur gear transmission system with including frictional effects on a tooth mesh process. An 8-degreeof-freedom model is developed to include the effects of supporting bearings, a driving motor and a loading system. Moreover, it takes into account not only the time-varying stiffness, but also the time-varying forces and moments due to the frictional effect. The latter causes additional vibration responses in the direction of the off-line-of-action (OLOA). To show the quantitative effect of the friction, vibration responses are simulated under different friction coefficients. It shows that an increase in friction coefficient value causes a nearly linear increase in the vibration features of diagnostics. However, features from torsional responses and the principal responses in the line-of-action show less changes in the vibration level, whereas the most significant increasing is in the OLOA direction. Furthermore, the spectral peaks at the rotational and sideband frequencies are influenced significantly by small breakage defects, especially when the friction effect is taken into account. In addition, the second and third harmonics of the mesh frequency are more influenced than the first harmonic component for all motions, which can be effective features for both indicating lubrication deterioration and improving conventional diagnostic features. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The common thread to these studies is that almost all of them use the well-known Archard's wear model (Archard (11)) in conjunction with a gear contact model and relative sliding calculations. Archard's wear equation can be expressed for a local point on one of the contacting gear surfaces as dh ds = kP [1] where k is an experimentally determined wear coefficient, h is the wear depth accumulated, P is the contact pressure, and s is the sliding distance between the mating surfaces at the point of interest. From Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Eq. [1] to calculate the wear depth h, the contact pressure P and the sliding distance s must be determined. Flodin and Andersson (7)- (9) and Bajpai et al (10) proposed wear models for spur and helical gears, and the focus was to determine P and s. The tooth contact pressures P were computed in these models using either simplified Hertzian contact (Flodin and Anderson (7)- (9)) or boundary element (Bajpai,et al (10)) formulations under quasi-static conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Influence of the Lubricant Viscosity and Additives on Gear Wear

Krantz

Kahraman

2004

Tribology Transactions

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KEY WORDSGear; Wear; Lubricant Viscosity; Additives INTRODUCTIONSurface wear is considered to be one of the important failure modes in gear systems. Gear contact surface wear can significantly impair the functionality of any gear system. Apart from the direct material loss that leads to functional failure, wear can also lead to changes in vibration and noise behavior (Choy, et al. (1), Mackaldener and Flodin (2), Kuang and Lin (3)). In addition, wear can change the patterns of gear contact such that the altered load distributions and contact stresses will accelerate the occurrence of other failure modes (Chen and Matubara (4)). Therefore, a better understanding of gear wear, including its impact on noise and durability, is needed.Wear of contacting surfaces is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a large number of parameters. Gear wear is further complicated since the mechanics of the contact are dictated Review led by Bob Errichello not only by the geometry but also by both tooth contact and tooth bending deformations. In addition, many automotive and aerospace gearing applications operate in mixed elastohydrodynamic (EHD) or boundary lubrication regimes where asperity contacts are possible (Cioc, et al. (5)). Hence, parameters influencing the lubricant film and boundary layer properties are also critical. The strong coupling between the actual geometries of the worn contacting surfaces and the resulting contact conditions is often ignored in widely used models to estimate stresses and surface fatigue life. Such a simplified approach can perhaps provide unrealistic life predictions. The study of wear is becoming one of the emerging areas of gear research. A number of recent wear modeling efforts (Shifeng and Cheng (6), Flodin and Andersson (7)-(9), Bajpai, et al. (10)) form a solid foundation for studying gear wear. The common thread to these studies is that almost all of them use the well-known Archard's wear model (Archard (11)) in conjunction with a gear contact model and relative sliding calculations. Archard's wear equation can be expressed for a local point on one of the contacting gear surfaces aswhere k is an experimentally determined wear coefficient, h is the wear depth accumulated, P is the contact pressure, and s is the sliding distance between the mating surfaces at the point of interest. From Eq.[1] to calculate the wear depth h, the contact pressure P and the sliding distance s must be determined. Flodin and Andersson (7)- (9) and Bajpai et al. (10) proposed wear models for spur and helical gears, and the focus was to determine P and s. The tooth contact pressures P were computed in these models using either simplified Hertzian contact (Flodin and Anderson (7)- (9)) or boundary element (Bajpai, et al. (10)) formulations under quasi-static conditions. Sliding distance s calculations were determined from gearing kinematics, and Archard's wear model (Archard (11)) was used with an empirical wear coefficient to compute the surface wear distribution. Perhaps the most significant shortcoming of ...

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Analysis of the effects of surface pitting and wear on the vibration of a gear transmission system

Cited by 144 publications

References 3 publications

Pitting Damage Levels Estimation for Planetary Gear Sets Based on Model Simulation and Grey Relational Analysis

Pitting Damage Levels Estimation for Planetary Gear Sets Based on Model Simulation and Grey Relational Analysis

Frictional effects on the dynamic responses of gear systems and the diagnostics of tooth breakages

An Experimental Investigation of the Influence of the Lubricant Viscosity and Additives on Gear Wear

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