Analysis of the growth and morpho-physiological performance of three cultivars of Colombian quinoa grown under a greenhouse

Abstract

Quinoa (Amaranthaceae) is a native pseudo-cereal produced throughout the South American zone, where it is used in the preparation of food and as a promising alternative for the colonization of edaphoclimatic areas affected by anthropic and natural factors. Among the main problems that affect crop production, we can include those related to growth, development and production, generated by limitations of adaptability of new cultivars in specific areas. For this reason, this research intended to analyze the growth and morphphysiological behavior of the cultivars of quinoa Blanca Soracá (BS), Blanca Jericó (BT), and Tunkahuan (T). The study was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Cauca University (Colombia) located at 1880 m a.s.l. The analysis, allowed to recognize that the three cultivars of quinoa, show different times of phenological development, until harvest (138.25 ± 2.3 and 161 ± 1.1 days). The number of leaves, the height of plants, and the number of branches show adjustment of sigmoidal regression equations (R 2 0.99 -0.98) for the cultivars BJ and T, while total chlorophyll content was adjusted to cubic behavior (R 2 0.90 -0.89). The cultivars of quinoa express productive behaviors that are associated with early and late cycles, showing differences in the production and weight of seeds. RESUMOQuinoa (Amaranthaceae) é um pseudo-cereal nativo produzido em toda a zona sul-americana, onde é utilizada como alimento e alternativa promissora para o cultivo em áreas edafoclimáticas afetadas por fatores antrópicos e naturais. Entre os principais problemas que afetam a produção agrícola, inclui-se aqueles relacionados ao crescimento, desenvolvimento e produção, gerados por limitações de adaptabilidade de novas cultivares em áreas específicas. Por este motivo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o crescimento e o comportamento morfológico das cultivares de quinoa Blanca Soracá (BS), Blanca Jericó (BT) e Tunkahuan (T). O estudo foi realizado na estufa da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade de Cauca (Colômbia) a 1880 m.a.n.m A análise permitiu reconhecer que as três cultivares de quinoa apresentam diferentes épocas de desenvolvimento fenológico até a colheita (138,25 ± 2,3 e 161 ± 1,1 dias). O número de folhas, a altura das plantas e o número de ramos mostram ajuste às equações de regressão sigmoidal (R 2 0,99 -0,98) para as cultivares BJ e T, enquanto o teor de clorofila total foi ajustado para comportamento cúbica (R 2 0,90 -0,89). As cultivares de quinoa expressam comportamentos produtivos associados a ciclos precoces e tardios, mostrando diferenças na produção e peso das sementes.

Current trends and prospects in quinoa research: An approach for strategic knowledge areas

“…This is consistent with what was reported by García‐Parra, Stechauner‐Rohringer, et al. ( 2020 ) and García‐Parra, Zurita‐Silva, et al. ( 2020 ), who indicated that the environmental temperature plays an important role in the phenological phases prior to the development of the seed, influencing productive and compositional aspects.…”

“…Subsequently and in accordance with Ticona et al. ( 2022 ), the natural geographic distribution of the species extends from 5° north latitude in southern Colombia (García‐Parra, Stechauner‐Rohringer, et al., 2020 ; García‐Parra, Zurita‐Silva, et al., 2020 ; Manjarres‐Hernández & Morillo‐Coronado, 2022 ) to 43° south latitude in the Tenth Region of Chile (Fuentes et al., 2012 ) and Argentina (Vidueiros et al., 2015 ), while the altitudinal distribution ranges between 0 and 4000 m.a.s.l. Thus, quinoa crops have a high adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions, making them one of the crops with the best productive potential to be adopted by small producers with a great contribution to food safety (Bazile et al., 2015 ; Camaggio, 2014 ; Garcia et al., 2018 ).…”

Phenotypic Characterization of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) for the Selection of Promising Materials for Breeding Programs

“…In general, the accessions with plant heights higher than average (>176.7 cm) presented lower yields, as reported by [ 13 ]), who, when evaluating quinoa materials in southern Italy, found negative correlations between plant height and yield. [ 14 ] also observed a decrease in growth with the formation of grains in the Department of Cauca, Colombia in the Tunkahuan, Blanca de Jericó, and Blanca de Soracá varieties. This was probably due to the fact that the increase in plant growth coincides with the beginning of the reproductive stage, where the energy produced by plants is distributed in the growth and the beginning of panicles.…”

Effect of the Altitude Gradient on the Physiological Performance of Quinoa in the Central Region of Colombia

“…In the case of the central region of Colombia, quinoa cultivars such as Tunkahuan, Soracá and Blanca Jericó were identified, which present a variation in the duration of the phenological cycles under cold weather conditions [15,16] and may be directly associated with temperature and precipitation, influencing variables such as grain yield, harvest index, biomass and phenological time, as has already been reported in other researches [17,18]. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the effect that the altitude gradient may have on physiological activity parameters in Colombian quinoa cultivars, so our working hypothesis was that the altitude gradient has a differential effect on the physiological performance of seven quinoa cultivars.…”