Analysis of the Impact of the WLTP Procedure on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions of Passenger Cars

DiPierro, Giuseppe; Millo, Federico; Cubito, Claudio; Ciuffo, Biagio; Fontaras, Georgios

doi:10.4271/2019-24-0240

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The first comparative studies of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and WLTC tests performed by Zachiotis et al [15] (2020) on vehicles equipped with diesel engines led to the conclusion that in dynamic tests (WLTC) road emissions of particulate matter are 55% higher and road emissions of nitrogen oxides are 11% higher compared to the NEDC test. Research by DiPierro et al [16] (2019) confirmed an increase in road emissions of CO 2 by 30% for hybrid (gasoline) vehicles, which was the result of a lower share of operating time spent driving using the electric engine. The results of subsequent research (Szalek et al [17] (2021)) indicated that it was possible to control hybrid vehicles in such a way that they used the electric drive in approximately 70% of driving in urban conditions, and in the entire driving test the use of the electric engine was approximately 40%.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 2: Verification by Experimental Measurement

Pielecha,

Kurtyka

2023

Energies

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The subject of assessing exhaust emissions in real driving conditions has been relevant for a long time. Its introduction into approval tests focused attention on the comparative possibilities of tests performed on a chassis dynamometer and in road conditions. The article is a continuation of research on the possibilities of estimating emissions in the Real Driving Emission test based on emission data from Worldwide harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycles. The first part discussed the possibility of comparing dynamic parameters in these tests, and the second part discussed the possibility of estimating road exhaust emissions. The work was done in two stages: the first stage involved the use of distance-specific emissions in individual parts of the WLTC test, and the second stage involved the use of exhaust emission rates as datasets divided into intervals defined by vehicle speed and acceleration. Comparative tests were performed for conventional vehicles (gasoline, diesel) and hybrid vehicles. A chassis dynamometer was used to carry out WLTC tests and PEMS equipment was used for the RDE tests. The exhaust gas components that had to be measured in road tests, namely: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and the number of particulate matter, were analyzed. Based on the data collected, parameters such as road emissions and the exhaust emissions rate were determined for each phase of the dynamometer test as well as the road test. Because of this, it was possible to compare the distance-specific exhaust emissions of each vehicle in the two emission tests. The comparison resulted in establishing that it is possible to estimate distance-specific exhaust emissions of conventional and hybrid vehicles in road test conditions, using only the results obtained in the approval test (for selected test phases). The research concluded that it is possible to estimate selected RDE test parameters based on the results obtained in the WLTC test for the tested vehicles.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 2: Verification by Experimental Measurement

Pielecha,

Kurtyka

2023

Energies

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“…The amount of emissions from exhaust components, including CO 2 , is estimated based on vehicle test procedures -WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicle Test Procedure), supplemented by road tests (Pavlovic et al 2018;DiPierro et al 2019). Many researchers study real-world emissions by performing various driving cycles on selected routes, not necessarily based on homologation procedures (Weller et al 2019;Gao et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instantaneous CO2 emission modeling for the Euro 6 start-stop vehicle based on portable emission measurement system and artificial intelligence methods

Mądziel

2023

Preprint

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One of the increasingly common methods to counteract the increased fuel consumption of vehicles is start-stop technology. This paper introduces a methodology which presents the process of measuring and creating a computational model of CO2 emissions using artificial intelligence techniques for a vehicle equipped with start-stop technology. The method requires only measurement data of velocity, acceleration of vehicle and gradient of road to predict the emission of CO2. In this paper, 3 methods of machine learning techniques were analyzed, while the best prediction results are shown by the gradient boosting method. For the developed models, the results were validated using the coefficient of determination, the mean squared error, and based on visual evaluation of residual and instantaneous emission plots and CO2 emission maps. The developed models present a novel methodology and can be used for microscale environmental analysis.

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“…20 In this cycle, which has a more dynamic and longer duration compared to NEDC, since higher vehicle test mass was applied, test cycle energy demand increased by 44% for gasoline vehicles and by 23% for diesel vehicles. 21 For this reason, higher CO 2 emission factors could be measured and more realistic values could be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology to analyse the dynamic conditions of real driving emission test and CO₂ emission factors: speed binning averaged emission method

Aydin

Soruşbay

Arslan

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Regulations limiting the exhaust gas emissions since the EURO I emission standards, which was put into effect in 1992, have entered a new period since 2017 and require Real Driving Emission (RDE) tests as well as laboratory tests. Laboratory tests are carried out to determine basically fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, and are aimed to determine other driving emission factors by RDE test. However, the route created to perform RDE test must meet certain boundary conditions and remain within certain limits in terms of its dynamic behaviour. According to Moving Average Window (MAW) method, these limits are determined with ±25% tolerances of CO2 emission factors obtained from the WLTC test. However, since the MAW method ignores idling conditions (vehicle speed lower than 1 km/h) and uses linear equations for the CO2 characteristic curve, it can lead to misinterpretation of RDE dynamic conditions. Therefore, in this study, a new methodology has been introduced in order to overcome these deficiencies. Two different RDE test samples were collected using Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) and trip dynamic conditions were examined using both MAW method suggested by the regulations and Speed Binning Averaged Emission (SBAE) method, the methodology introduced in this study. Completeness and normality values of each method are calculated to determine the conformity of the test route. As a result, while the tests are assumed complete and normal according to SBAE method, only the first test is normal, although both tests are considered complete, by means of MAW method.

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Analysis of the Impact of the WLTP Procedure on CO₂ Emissions of Passenger Cars

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 2: Verification by Experimental Measurement

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 2: Verification by Experimental Measurement

Instantaneous CO2 emission modeling for the Euro 6 start-stop vehicle based on portable emission measurement system and artificial intelligence methods

Methodology to analyse the dynamic conditions of real driving emission test and CO₂ emission factors: speed binning averaged emission method

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Analysis of the Impact of the WLTP Procedure on CO2 Emissions of Passenger Cars

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 2: Verification by Experimental Measurement

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 2: Verification by Experimental Measurement

Instantaneous CO2 emission modeling for the Euro 6 start-stop vehicle based on portable emission measurement system and artificial intelligence methods

Methodology to analyse the dynamic conditions of real driving emission test and CO2 emission factors: speed binning averaged emission method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Analysis of the Impact of the WLTP Procedure on CO₂ Emissions of Passenger Cars

Methodology to analyse the dynamic conditions of real driving emission test and CO₂ emission factors: speed binning averaged emission method