Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Veiga, Fernando; Val, Alain Gil Del; Suárez, Alejandro Rosete; Alonso, Unai

doi:10.3390/ma13030766

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, WAAM offers the possibility to create complex geometries, which allows the production of novel, lightweight structures [6]. Although, the manufactured parts exhibit surface roughness, which requires post processing with subtractive methods [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminum Alloy AlMg5Mn with Energy-Reduced Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

et al. 2020

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Large-scale aluminum parts are used in aerospace and automotive industries, due to excellent strength, light weight, and the good corrosion resistance of the material. Additive manufacturing processes enable both cost and time savings in the context of component manufacturing. Thereby, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is particularly suitable for the production of large volume parts due to deposition rates in the range of kilograms per hour. Challenges during the manufacturing process of aluminum alloys, such as porosity or poor mechanical properties, can be overcome by using arc technologies with adaptable energy input. In this study, WAAM of AlMg5Mn alloy was systematically investigated by using the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Herein, correlations between the energy input and the resulting temperature–time-regimes show the effect on resulting microstructure, weld seam irregularities and the mechanical properties of additively manufactured aluminum parts. Therefore, multilayer walls were built layer wise using the cold metal transfer (CMT) process including conventional CMT, CMT advanced and CMT pulse advanced arc modes. These processing strategies were analyzed by means of energy input, whereby the geometrical features of the layers could be controlled as well as the porosity to area portion to below 1% in the WAAM parts. Furthermore, the investigations show the that mechanical properties like tensile strength and material hardness can be adapted throughout the energy input per unit length significantly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminum Alloy AlMg5Mn with Energy-Reduced Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

et al. 2020

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“…An experiment test was performed on a substrate (10 mm thick base material) attached to the welding table. The manufacturing procedure is similar to that used by the authors in [16,17]. The graphical representation of the WAAM process is given in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN718 Alloy: Comparison of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Samples

et al. 2020

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Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the most appropriate additive manufacturing techniques for producing large-scale metal components with a high deposition rate and low cost. Recently, the manufacture of nickel-based alloy (IN718) using WAAM technology has received increased attention due to its wide application in industry. However, insufficient information is available on the mechanical properties of WAAM IN718 alloy, for example in high-temperature testing. In this paper, the mechanical properties of IN718 specimens manufactured by the WAAM technique have been investigated by tensile tests and hardness measurements. The specific comparison is also made with the wrought IN718 alloy, while the microstructure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Fractographic studies were carried out on the specimens to understand the fracture behavior. It was shown that the yield strength and hardness of WAAM IN718 alloy is higher than that of the wrought alloy IN718, while the ultimate tensile strength of the WAAM alloys is difficult to assess at lower temperatures. The microstructure analysis shows the presence of precipitates (laves phase) in WAAM IN718 alloy. Finally, the effect of precipitation on the mechanical properties of the WAAM IN718 alloy was discussed in detail.

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“…The production of a wall with a homogeneous top surface is critical for the subsequent face milling process and obtaining the finished wall. In previous works, Veiga et al [27] have shown how face milling is a more critical machining process in this type of wall than tangential milling. The dimensions of the final wall will be determined by the minimum measured profile, shown in Figure 15, of the parabolic nature of the measured profiles; an effective wall of the rectangular cross-sectional area could be obtained.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Wall Geometrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of the Wall Geometry with Different Strategies for High Deposition Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mild Steel

Aldalur

Veiga

Suárez

et al. 2020

Metals

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Additive manufacturing has gained relevance in recent decades as an alternative to the manufacture of metal parts. Among the additive technologies, those that are classified as Directed Energy Deposition (DED) are characterized by their high deposition rate, noticeably, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). However, having the inability to produce parts with acceptable final surface quality and high geometric precision is to be considered an important disadvantage in this process. In this paper, different torch trajectory strategies (oscillatory motion and overlap) in the fabrication of low carbon steel walls will be compared using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)-based WAAM technology. The comparison is done with a study of the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the produced walls and finally, addressing the productivity obtained utilizing each strategy. The oscillation strategy shows better results, regarding the utilization rate of deposited material and the flatness of the upper surface, this being advantageous for subsequent machining steps.

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Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminum Alloy AlMg5Mn with Energy-Reduced Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminum Alloy AlMg5Mn with Energy-Reduced Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of IN718 Alloy: Comparison of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Samples

Analysis of the Wall Geometry with Different Strategies for High Deposition Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mild Steel

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