Analysis of the Mineral Composition of the Human Calcified Cartilage Zone

Zhang, Ying; Wang, Fuyou; Tan, Huiwen; Chen, Guangxing; Guo, Lin; Yang, Liu

doi:10.7150/ijms.4276

Cited by 84 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additionally, recent findings indicated that the proportion of HAp as an inorganic compound in the calcified cartilage layer was ranked only second to that of subchondral bone [8]. In the present bilayered scaffold, the mineralised layer consisted of a mixture of ACECM and HAp while the non-mineralised layer consisted of ACECM alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of an articular cartilage extracellular matrix-hydroxyapatite bilayered scaffold with low permeability for interface tissue engineering

et al. 2014

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BackgroundOsteochondral interface regeneration is challenging for functional and integrated cartilage repair. Various layered scaffolds have been used to reconstruct the complex interface, yet the influence of the permeability of the layered structure on cartilage defect healing remains largely unknown.MethodsWe designed and fabricated a novel bilayered scaffold using articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ACECM) and hydroxyapatite (HAp), involving a porous, oriented upper layer and a dense, mineralised lower layer. By optimising the HAp/ACECM ratio, differing pore sizes and porosities were obtained simultaneously in the two layers. To evaluate the effects of permeability on cell behaviour, rabbit chondrocytes were seeded.ResultsMorphological observations demonstrated that a gradual interfacial region was formed with pore sizes varying from 128.2 ± 20.3 to 21.2 ± 3.1 μm. The permeability of the bilayered scaffold decreased with increasing compressive strain and HAp content. Mechanical tests indicated that the interface was stable to bearing compressive and shear loads. Accordingly, the optimum HAp/ACECM ratio (7 w/v%) in the layer to mimic native calcified cartilage was found. Chondrocytes could not penetrate the interface and resided only in the upper layer, where they showed high cellularity and abundant matrix deposition.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a bilayered scaffold with low permeability, rather than complete isolation, represents a promising candidate for osteochondral interface tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of an articular cartilage extracellular matrix-hydroxyapatite bilayered scaffold with low permeability for interface tissue engineering

et al. 2014

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“…Calcified cartilage interdigitates with the subchondral bone, and the rough interface between the tissues combined with high stiffness [2] of the calcified cartilage provides mechanical stability and resistance against shear failure [3]. Calcified cartilage is a thin (100–200 µm thick [4•]) tissue, is metabolically active [5], consists of a large proportion of hydroxyapatite (~65 % [6]), and remodels with loading [7] and aging [8]. Lane et al [4•] has showed that calcified cartilage thickness decreases with age, from ~200 µm at about age 20, down to less than 100 µm by age 90.…”

Section: Introduction: Osteochondral Junctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UTE MRI of the Osteochondral Junction

et al. 2013

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The osteochondral junction is composed of numerous tissue components and serves important functions relating to structural stability and proper nutrition in joints such as the knee and spine. Conventional MR techniques have been inadequate at imaging the tissues of the osteochondral junction primarily because of the intrinsically short T2 nature of these tissues, rendering them “invisible” with the standard acquisitions. Ultrashort time to echo (UTE) MR techniques acquire sufficient MR signal of osteochondral tissues, thereby allowing direct evaluation. This article reviews the anatomy of the osteochondral junction of the knee and the spine, technical aspects of UTE MRI, and the application of UTE MRI for evaluation of the osteochondral junction.

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“…The main components of the calcified layer are calcium salts deposition without sGAG (27). The X-ray mean attenuation of the calcified layer was not considered in our study, and each proportion of non-calcified layers was chosen as the following proportion: superficial layer (15%), middle layer (55%) and deep layer (30%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calcified layer of the histological section images was not considered for their corresponding CT images. The non-calcified layers were outlined and separated from the deep layer by the tidemark, which was also the boundary between the deep layer and calcified layer (26,27), and distributed by the same proportion in CT images. The sGAG optical density of the entire cartilage and layered cartilage region was then calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of sGAG content of human hip joint cartilage in different old age groups based on EPIC micro-CT

Cai

Fan

et al. 2015

Connective Tissue Research

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Objectives To observe the age-related changes of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of hip joint cartilage of elderly people based on Equilibrium Partitioning of an Ionic Contrast Agent (EPIC) micro-CT. Methods Seventy human hip cartilage–bone samples were collected from hip-fracture patients (ages 51–96) and divided into five groups (10 years in an age group). They were first immersed in 20% concentration of the contrast agent Meglumine Diatrizoate (MD) for 6 h at 37 °C, and then scanned by micro-CT. Following scanning, samples were stained for sGAG with toluidine blue. The X-ray attenuation and sGAG optical density were calculated by image processing. The correlation between X-ray attenuation and sGAG optical density was then analyzed. Results The X-ray mean attenuation of the cartilage increased by 18.81% from the 50–80 age groups (p<0.01), but decreased by 7.15% in the 90 age group compared to the 80 age group. The X-ray mean attenuation of the superficial layer and middle layer increased by 31.60 % and 44.68% from the 50–80 age groups, respectively (p<0.01), but reduced by 4.67% and 6.05% separately in the 90 age group. However, the deep layer showed no significant change with aging. The sGAG optical density showed a linear correlation (r = −0.91, p<0.01) with the X-ray attenuation. Conclusion The sGAG content of hip joint cartilage varied with aging in elderly people. The changes in superficial layer and middle layer were more evident than deep layer.

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Analysis of the Mineral Composition of the Human Calcified Cartilage Zone

Cited by 84 publications

References 17 publications

Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of an articular cartilage extracellular matrix-hydroxyapatite bilayered scaffold with low permeability for interface tissue engineering

Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of an articular cartilage extracellular matrix-hydroxyapatite bilayered scaffold with low permeability for interface tissue engineering

UTE MRI of the Osteochondral Junction

Observation of sGAG content of human hip joint cartilage in different old age groups based on EPIC micro-CT

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