Analysis of the organizer center in the early chick embryo. I. Localization of prospective notochord and somite cells

Spratt, Nelson T.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401280106

Cited by 135 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Explants of Hensen's node to the embryonic coelom or germ cell crescent form endoderm, notochord, mesenchyme, and somites (Veini and Hara, 1975;Dias and Schoenwolf, 1990), with the particular structures formed from the explant being dependent on the stage of the node at the time of explantation. As shown in the present study and previous studies (Waddington, 1932;Spratt, 1955;Grabowski, 1956;Gallera and Nicolet, 1974;Schoenwolf, 1989, 1991) extirpation of Hensen's node gives varying results. This variation is apparently owing to the extent of healing of the extirpation site; deficits occur, especially in the notochord and MHP region of the neural tube, if healing is delayed or incomplete (e.g., in Spratt, 1947, culture).…”

Section: Ability Of Primitive Streak Cells To Self-differentiatesupporting

confidence: 59%

Positional control of mesoderm movement and fate during avian gastrulation and neurulation

García‐Martínez

Schoenwolf

1992

Developmental Dynamics

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Segments of primitive streak from donor quail embryos at stages of gastrulation and neurulation were transplanted heterotopically and isochronically to primitive streaks of host chick embryos. The subsequent movement and fate of grafted cells was determined using the quail nucleolar marker to define grafted cells. The pattern of movement of grafted cells depended on their new position within the primitive streak, not on their original position. When cells of cranial regions were placed more caudally, they moved to mesodermal subdivisions that were located lateral to those they would have populated if left in their original position. When caudal segments were placed more cranially, they moved to more medial mesodermal subdivisions. Whether the fate of grafted cells corresponded to their original location or their new location depended on both their level of origin and their new position. Cells from heterotopically transplanted Hensen's nodes, which migrated to the somitic and more lateral mesoderm, self‐differentiated notochords. Similarly, in some cases, heterotopically transplanted prospective somitic cells, which migrated to lateral plate mesoderm, formed ectopic somites. In other cases, however, grafted cells contributed to the host's somites, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm. Moreover, prospective somitic cells, which migrated to the extraembryonic lateral plate mesoderm, changed their fate and formed extraembryonic lateral plate mesoderm; and prospective lateral plate mesoderm cells, which migrated to the somitic mesoderm, formed somites as well as intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm. These results suggest that the movement of primitive streak cells to various mediolateral subdivisions of the mesodermal stream is determined solely by their craniocaudal position within the streak, but that determination of cell fate involves a combination of self‐differentiation and positional regulation. Cells from cranial levels of the primitive streak exhibit a considerably greater potential to self‐differentiate than those from more caudal levels, and cranial cells are more likely to migrate as a coherent group, unlike more caudal cells, which tend to freely disperse within host structures. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Ability Of Primitive Streak Cells To Self-differentiatesupporting

confidence: 59%

Positional control of mesoderm movement and fate during avian gastrulation and neurulation

García‐Martínez

Schoenwolf

1992

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Carbon marking is a classical method used for the study of developmental mechanisms (Saunders 1948;Spratt 1955;Tschumi 1957). Although some doubts were raised about the reliability of this technique (Lipton and Jacobson 1974), the results of carbon studies have been supported by alternative methods (Seichert 1966;Amprino and Ambrosi 1973;Amprino 1976;Cottrill 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palatal shelf movement during palatogenesis: a fate map of the fetal mouse palate cultured in vitro

Chou

Kosazuma

Takigawa

et al. 2004

Anatomy and Embryology

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Day-13 fetal mouse palates (plug day=day 0) were labeled with carbon particles at various sites of palatal shelves and cultivated in a chemically defined medium for up to 48 h. During the culture period, the bilateral palatal shelves came in contact and fused with each other, which simulated in vivo palatogenesis. The carbon study revealed that at the midpalatal region, the medial edge of the palatal shelf elevated to the horizontal plane, elongated toward the midline, and made contact with the medial edge of the opposing shelf. On the other hand, near the anterior and posterior ends of the shelf, some new tissue was formed at the medial edge of the shelf by remodeling and this newly formed tissue took part in palatal fusion. The results of the present study indicate that during mouse palatogenesis, the anterior and posterior regions of the palatal shelf behave differently from the midpalatal region. It seems that in the fetal mouse palate, the midpalate closes mainly by means of rotation and medial elongation of the shelf, whereas the anterior and posterior parts of the palate close mainly by tissue remodeling of the medial edge and partly by medial elongation of the shelf.

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“…Spratt (1955Spratt ( ,1957 has shown that throughout the early period of growth of the chick embryo, the primary regions of notochord and neural plate elongation occur at the caudal end of each structure just rostra1 to the primitive node. During regression of the primitive node, cells previously caudal to the node within the primitive streak become progressively incorporated into the caudal end of the notochord and floorplate of the developing neural tube.…”

Section: Changing Patterns Of 5-ht Fif In the Caudalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamines in the early chick embryo: Demonstration of serotonin synthesis and the regional distribution of serotonin‐concentrating cells during morphogenesis

Wallace

1982

Am. J. Anat.

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Monoamine compounds, such as serotonin (5-HT), have been previously suggested to regulate the early development of the chick embryo. Possible roles for 5-HT in chick morphogenesis were investigated further by examining the distribution of sites that concentrate 5-HT as well as the ability of embryos to synthesize 5-HT during this period. Following the in vitro incubation of chick embryos with 5-HT, cells accumulating 5-HT were localized by the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) technique; these sites of 5-HT concentration were mapped and studied with respect to changes in their developmental patterns during morphogenesis. Locations of 5-HT FIF included two regions of the brain within the floor plate of the mesencephalon and caudal myelencephalon, and within scleratome cells of somites advanced in differentiation. Additionally, two separate zones of 5-HT FIF appeared in the neural tube caudal to the somites in conjunction with a small band of intense FIF in the caudal end of the notochord. Once established, the capabilities for 5-HT concentration in the brain and somites persisted at the same locations during development, whereas these capabilities in caudal portions of the embryo were transient and appeared to move down the embryo as the embryo lengthened. These changes in the patterns of 5-HT FIF in caudal segments of the neural tube and notochord correlated spatio-temporally with the progression of caudal neuropore closure. Additional experiments, involving the use of anti-5-HT immunocytochemistry, were undertaken to examine the characteristics of 5-HT concentration. The mechanism(s) of 5-HT concentration at all locations appeared to have a high aEnity and specificity for 5-HT; however, in contrast to the transient mechanism situated more caudally in the embryos, the uptake mechanism at rostra1 locations required energy and was blocked by a 5-HT uptake inhibitor (fluoxetine). The ability of embryos to synthesize 5-HT was demonstrated by the generation of 5-HT (localized by FIF and immunocytochemistry) in embryos treated with the 5-HT precursors, 5-hydroxytryptophan or L-tryptophan. Confirming evidence of 5-HT synthesis was provided by a marked reduction in immunostaining obtained with either precursor in the presence of 5-HT synthesis inhibitors (RO4-4602 or para-chlorophenylalanine). Although the sites of synthesis remain uncertain, endogenous 5-HT was detected (after monoamine oxidase inhibition) at all sites of 5-HT concentration.These results provide further support for the suggestion that 5-HT may be involved in various aspects of morphogenesis at specific sites within the chick embryo.

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Analysis of the organizer center in the early chick embryo. I. Localization of prospective notochord and somite cells

Cited by 135 publications

References 18 publications

Positional control of mesoderm movement and fate during avian gastrulation and neurulation

Positional control of mesoderm movement and fate during avian gastrulation and neurulation

Palatal shelf movement during palatogenesis: a fate map of the fetal mouse palate cultured in vitro

Monoamines in the early chick embryo: Demonstration of serotonin synthesis and the regional distribution of serotonin‐concentrating cells during morphogenesis

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