Analysis of the recurrence of floods in the city of Tambacounda, Senegal, in the context of climate change

Abstract

The climate is now subject to wide variations. Storms with torrential rains are noted in the western USA, acute droughts in the Sahel, floods in Bangladesh, China, India and Vietnam, and rising temperatures leading to thaws in the Arctic and Antarctic. Climate models and observations reveal the frequency of extreme events and the resumption of rains in recent years. This increase in rainfall, which brings hope to developing countries dependent on rain-fed agriculture, is upsetting African cities by the recurrence of the floods it generates. These cities, resembling large villages, lack everything: failure or lack of sanitation networks, lack of adequate urban policy. The city of Tambacounda is under-equipped and facing the problem of flooding. After the rain, housing, infrastructure and roads are submerged by storm water. Analysis of control strategies shows that serious measures are not being taken to eradicate this scourge in the city. The control techniques (totally incoherent and totally disorderly) developed by the population revolve around the filling of ravines and low parts (45% of respondents), the installation of sandbags (40%), serving as, the storefront of dwellings and digging trenches to facilitate storm runoff (15%).The only reliable and effective technique (ONAS remediation plan) defined by the State is still in the draft stage.

Impact of Drought in Northeastern Algeria: Comparative Study of the SPI and SPEI Índices

“…The SPI index has the advantage of covering a relatively short period, allowing for the early detection of drought situations. The best time to calculate this is after 20 to 30 years of monthly surveys (Guttman 1994;Faye et al 2017;Xing 2015).…”

“…Weather droughts are typically characterised by below-average precipitation and above-average temperatures. (Bin et al 2015;Faye et al 2017).…”