Analysis of the transmitting characteristics of an acoustic conformal array of multimode tonpilz transducers by the equivalent circuit method

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Tonpilz transducers are desirable for their superior performance in underwater target detection and communication applications. Several design schemes to widen their bandwidth have been reported, but these schemes often involve a complex structure or arrangement of additional components. In this study, a simple design is proposed to improve the bandwidth of a multimode Tonpilz transducer by using a non-uniform drive section that consists of piezoelectric stacks of various thicknesses. The efficacy of the design is illustrated with a multimode Tonpilz transducer having three lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stacks of different thicknesses. A new equivalent circuit was developed to analyze the frequency response of the transducer incorporating the non-uniform drive section and was used for rigorous analysis of the effects of varying the position and thickness of the non-uniform stacks on the transmitting characteristics of the transducer. The validity of the design was verified through the fabrication and characterization of a prototype multimode Tonpilz transducer. The developed structure can be readily extended to an arbitrary number of stacks in the Tonpilz transducer with any number of PZT disks in each stack.

Section: Equivalent Circuit Of the Multimode Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To incorporate the flexural vibration of the head mass, the capacitor C hf and resistor R hf were added to the head mass branch of the network, as shown in Figure 2 [27]. C hf and R hf correspond to the mechanical compliance and damping, respectively, for flexure of the head mass of the Tonpilz transducer.…”

Section: Pzt Stack Water Tail Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Wideband Tonpilz Transducer Comprising Non-Uniform Piezoceramic Stacks with Equivalent Circuits

Pyo

Afzal

Lim³

et al. 2021

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“…The accuracy of this model is much higher than that of the lumped-parameter circuit model, and even better accuracy can be achieved under high-frequency conditions. Recently, a PWM equivalent circuit model was successfully used in a longitudinal–torsional ultrasonic transducer [ 9 ], a Tonpilz transducer head mass selection according to excitation signal type [ 10 ], and analysis of the transmitting characteristics of an acoustic conformal array of multimode Tonpilz transducers [ 11 ]. Giant magnetostrictive materials follow the piezomagnetic laws, which are very similar to the piezoelectric laws, in a quasi-linear manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FEM is widely used as a design tool for transducer design, as it is very capable of dealing with highly complex geometries and calculating the modes of vibration and the coupling between these modes [ 11 ]. FEM can also allow accurate calculations of the stress and strain distributions in the structure and calculations of the vibration displacement response at the output surface for a known electrical excitation [ 14 ], presenting various results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of High-Power Tonpilz Terfenol-D Transducer Using Complex Material Parameters

Yao

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2022

The loss effect in smart materials, the active part of a transducer, is of significant importance to acoustic transducer designers, as it directly affects the important characteristics of the transducer, such as the impedance spectra, frequency response, and the amount of heat generated. It is therefore beneficial to be able to incorporate energy losses in the design phase. For high-power low-frequency transducers requiring more smart materials, losses become even more appreciable. In this paper, similar to piezoelectric materials, three losses in Terfenol-D are considered by introducing complex quantities, representing the elastic loss, piezomagnetic loss, and magnetic loss. The frequency-dependent eddy current loss is also considered and incorporated into the complex permeability of giant magnetostrictive materials. These complex material parameters are then successfully applied to improve the popular plane-wave method (PWM) circuit model and finite element method (FEM) model. To verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed methods, a high-power Tonpilz Terfenol-D transducer with a resonance frequency of around 1 kHz and a maximum transmitting current response (TCR) of 187 dB/1A/μPa is manufactured and tested. The good agreement between the simulation and experimental results validates the improved PWM circuit model and FEA model, which may shed light on the more predictable design of high-power giant magnetostrictive transducers in the future.

“…The common approaches including the popular Dolph-Chebyshev design and the genetic algorithm have been criticized for time delay and exclusion of radiation pattern of the elements in the analysis, respectively [ 25 ]. As with the other techniques to help the design of conformal arrays, the equivalent circuit method has recently been proposed [ 26 ], which usually involves complex algorithms. The finite element method and other advanced simulation software or computer application packages are utilized as well [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Versatile Approach for Underwater Conformal Volumetric Array Design

Yusuf

Pyo

Roh

2021

Self Cite

In this study, we present a novel approach to the design of a conformal volumetric array composed of M × N convex subarrays in two orthogonal curvilinear directions for underwater acoustic imaging for mine detection. Our design targets require that the proposed array transducer has three-dimensional half-power beamwidths of 85° and 25° in either of its convex subarray parts, while also reaching a peak transmitting voltage response above 147 dB. The radiated sound pressure of the subarrays was independently derived as a function of their geometrical parameters. The resulting directional factors were then combined to analyze the beam profile of the entire array. The design was finally optimized to minimize the ripple level. To validate this theoretical design, the structure was modeled and analyzed using the finite element method. The comparison between the resulting beam pattern from the finite element analysis and the analytical computation showed an excellent compliance. The method advanced is a simple and systematic analytical model to facilitate the development of new conformal volumetric arrays for underwater mine detection.