Analysis of the Use of Recycled Aluminum to Generate Green Hydrogen in an Electric Bicycle

Berna, Xavier Salueña; Marín-Genescà, Marc; Dagà-Monmany, José María

doi:10.3390/met13020357

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Aluminum machining scrap accounts for a significant fraction (13.7%) of the trash created by all manufacturing processes globally [ 94 ]. Waste chips and powder of that metal can be effectively ‘converted into hydrogen’ either in their original form or in the form of compacted shapes (e.g., tablets or pellets) [ 95 , 96 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver-Assisted Hydrogen Evolution from Aluminum Oxidation in Saline Media

Buryakovskaya,

Maslakov,

Borshchev

et al. 2024

Molecules

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A swarf of aluminum alloy with high corrosion resistance and ductility was successfully converted into fine hydro reactive powders via ball milling with silver powder and either lithium chloride or gallium. The latter substances significantly intensified particle size reduction, while silver formed ‘cathodic’ sites (Ag, Ag2Al), promoting Al corrosion in aqueous saline solutions with hydrogen generation. The diffraction patterns, microphotographs, and elemental analysis results demonstrated partial aluminum oxidation in the samples and their contamination with tungsten carbide from milling balls. Those factors were responsible for obtaining lower hydrogen yields than expected. For AlCl3 solution at 60 °C, Al–LiCl–Ag, Al–LiCl, Al–Ga–Ag, and Al–Ga composites delivered (84.6 ± 0.2), (86.8 ± 1.4), (80.2 ± 0.5), and (76.7 ± 0.7)% of the expected hydrogen, respectively. Modification with Ag promoted Al oxidation, thus providing higher hydrogen evolution rates. The samples with Ag were tested in a CaCl2 solution as well, for which the reaction proceeded much more slowly. At a higher temperature (80 °C) after 3 h of experiment, the corresponding hydrogen yields for Al–LiCl–Ag and Al–Ga–Ag powders were (46.7 ± 2.1) and (31.8 ± 1.9)%. The tested Ag-modified composite powders were considered promising for hydrogen generation and had the potential for further improvement to deliver higher hydrogen yields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver-Assisted Hydrogen Evolution from Aluminum Oxidation in Saline Media

Buryakovskaya,

Maslakov,

Borshchev

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…Nevertheless, the incorporation of iron during the recycling process can impact the properties of the alloy, potentially limiting its reuse in the original structural application. On the other hand, to enhance the feasibility of utilizing Al alloys for hydrogen production, recycled Al alloys are preferable [32]. Eom et al [33] observed that the reaction of an Al-1Sn-1Fe alloy (wt.%) in an alkaline solution can result in a hydrogen generation rate about 6 times higher than that of pure Al and 1.6 times higher than that of the Al-1Fe (wt.%) alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microstructural Length Scale in Hydrogen Generation Features of an Al-Sn-Fe Alloy

Barros,

Konno,

de Paula

et al. 2024

Metals

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The reaction of water with Al-based alloys presents a promising alternative for on-board hydrogen production. This method, free from carbon emissions, has the advantage of addressing issues related to hydrogen storage and logistics. Al-Sn-Fe alloys are potential candidates for this application. However, the current literature lacks an in-depth understanding of the role of microstructural evolution in the hydrogen generation performance of these alloys. The present work investigates the influence of the microstructural length scale on the hydrogen production behavior of an Al-9Sn-1Fe (wt.) alloy. Directionally solidified samples with different microstructural length scales were subjected to hydrogen evolution tests in a 1 M NaOH solution. The results revealed that the microstructure of the studied alloy comprised α-Al-phase dendrites with a plate-like morphology along with the presence of Sn-rich particles and Al13Fe4 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the interdendritic areas. In addition, the microstructural refinement induced a 56.25% rise in hydrogen production rate, increasing from 0.16 to 0.25 mL g–1 s–1, without affecting the hydrogen yield, which stayed around 88%. The corrosion process was observed to be stimulated by Sn-rich particles and Al13Fe4 IMCs at their interfaces with the α-Al phase, positively impacting the hydrogen production rate. An experimental equation based on the Hall–Petch relationship and multiple linear regression (MLR) is proposed to associate the hydrogen production rate with dendritic arm spacings.

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