Objectives: Coronary heart disease is frequent in the working-age population. Traditional outcomes, such as mortality and hospital readmission, are useful for evaluating prognosis. Fit-for-work is an emerging outcome with clinical as well as socioeconomic significance. We describe the possible benefit of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for return to work (RTW) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Material and Methods: We evaluated 204 patients with recent ACS. They were divided into 4 groups on the basis of their occupational work load: very light (VL), light (L), moderate (M), and heavy (H). Work-related outcomes were assessed with the Work Performance Scale (WPS) of the Functional Status Questionnaire and as "days missed from work" (DMW) in the previous 4 weeks. The variables considered for outcomes were percent ejection fraction, functional capacity expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs), and participation or non-participation in the CR program (CR+ and CR-). Results: One hundred thirty (66%) patients took part in the CR program. Total WPS scores for CR+ and CR-subgroups were VL group: 18±4 vs. 14±4 (p < 0.001), L group: 18±3 vs. 14±3 (p < 0.0001), M group: 19±3 vs. 16±3 (p < 0.003), and H group: 20±4 vs. 17±3 (p < 0.006). Fewer DMW were reported by the CR+ group. Conclusions: Non-participation in CR was a consistent cause of poorer work-related outcomes. Our findings indicate that CR and occupational counseling play a very important role in worker recovery and subsequent reintegration in the workplace, in particular among clerical workers. resistance training, and aerobic exercise. The education and counseling session (four 50-min counseling sessions for 1 month) consisted of advice on healthy nutrition, physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight, and issues related to quitting smoking and alcohol consumption. Exclusion criteria were age > 65 years, severe concomitant non-cardiac diseases such as cancer, renal dysfunction (serum creatinine > 3 mg/dl), liver dysfunction (alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase > 1.5 times the upper normal limit), and dementia, any systemic disease limiting exercise, and inability to participate in a prospective study for logistical reasons. The average energy requirement for the patients' work activities was estimated with the aid of pre-existing, specific tables [13] that classify the various tasks on the basis of metabolic equivalents (METs): < 3 METs -very
INTRODUCTIONCoronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death worldwide, accounting for 31% of mortality [1]. In fact, in the working population (aged < 65), CHD is the single most important cause of death in men, and in women it is preceded only by breast cancer [2][3]. It is both a medical and a socio-economic problem. Returning to work after a coronary event produces economic benefits for the community and patients alike, improving the quality of life of their families too [4][5]. It is generally recognized that the return to work is not a simple function of clinical status...