Analysis of Three-Dimensional Circular Tracking Movements Based on Temporo-Spatial Parameters in Polar Coordinates

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

Human movement is a controlled result of the sensory-motor system, and the motor control mechanism has been studied through diverse movements. The present study examined control characteristics of dominant and non-dominant hands by analyzing the transient responses of circular tracking movements in 3D virtual reality space. A visual target rotated in a circular trajectory at four different speeds, and 29 participants tracked the target with their hands. The position of each subject’s hand was measured, and the following three parameters were investigated: normalized initial peak velocity (IPV2), initial peak time (IPT2), and time delay (TD2). The IPV2 of both hands decreased as target speed increased. The results of IPT2 revealed that the dominant hand reached its peak velocity 0.0423 s earlier than the non-dominant hand, regardless of target speed. The TD2 of the hands diminished by 0.0218 s on average as target speed increased, but the dominant hand statistically revealed a 0.0417-s shorter TD2 than the non-dominant hand. Velocity-control performances from the IPV2 and IPT2 suggested that an identical internal model controls movement in both hands, whereas the dominant hand is likely more experienced than the non-dominant hand in reacting to neural commands, resulting in better reactivity in the movement task.

Section: Clinical Application and Future Worksupporting

confidence: 64%

Analysis of Control Characteristics between Dominant and Non-Dominant Hands by Transient Responses of Circular Tracking Movements in 3D Virtual Reality Space

Park

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

“…Both axes are parallel to the subjects, and any positional changes of the target and the tracer can be spotted on the x-and y-axes. Therefore, visual information obtained from the frontal plane is highly accurate [16][17][18]. However, on the sagittal plane, the y-and z-axes are dominant components.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The axis can only be estimated by varying the sizes of the target and the tracer. This indicates that obtaining accurate visual feedback is relatively challenging on the sagittal plane [16][17][18].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depth information is required in order to determine the position of the target on the sagittal plane [15]. When performing a tracking movement that includes depth information, visual feedback on the position of the target is not sufficient [15][16][17][18]. Most of the previous studies analyzed the tracking motion from the frontal plane, and accordingly, the tracking motion analysis reflecting depth information was insufficient [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the recent development of virtual reality (VR) technology, it was possible to implement various human movement experiments in a 3D virtual space. Some previous studies analyzed circular tracking motion in a 3D space, including depth information, using these VR devices [16][17][18][19]. In these studies, the tracking movement with constant velocity was conducted on the frontal and sagittal planes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of motor control strategy for frontal and sagittal planes of circular tracking movements using visual feedback noise from velocity change and depth information

Lee

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

We aim to investigate a control strategy for the circular tracking movement in a three-dimensional (3D) space based on the accuracy of the visual information. After setting the circular orbits for the frontal and sagittal planes in the 3D virtual space, the subjects track a target moving at a constant velocity. The analysis is applied to two parameters of the polar coordinates, namely, ΔR (the difference in the distance from the center of a circular orbit) and Δω (the difference in the angular velocity). The movement in the sagittal plane provides different depth information depending on the position of the target in orbit, unlike the task of the frontal plane. Therefore, the circular orbit is divided into four quadrants for a statistical analysis of ΔR. In the sagittal plane, the error was two to three times larger in quadrants 1 and 4 than in quadrants 2 and 3 close to the subject. Here, Δω is estimated using a frequency analysis; the lower the accuracy of the visual information, the greater the periodicity. When comparing two different planes, the periodicity in the sagittal plane was approximately 1.7 to 2 times larger than that of the frontal plane. In addition, the average angular velocity of the target and tracer was within 0.6% during a single cycle. We found that if the amount of visual information is reduced, an optimal feedback control strategy can be used to reduce the positional error within a specific area.

Visuomotor control of intermittent circular tracking movements with visually guided orbits in 3D VR environment

Yanagihara

Li³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

The analysis of visually guided tracking movements is important to the understanding of imitation exercises and movements carried out using the human visuomotor control system. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of visuomotor control in the intermittent performance of circular tracking movements by applying a system that can differentiate between the conditions of invisible and visible orbits and visible and invisible target phases implemented in a 3D VR space. By applying visuomotor control based on velocity control, our study participants were able to track objects with visible orbits with a precision of approximately 1.25 times greater than they could track objects with invisible orbits. We confirmed that position information is an important parameter related to intermittent motion at low speeds (below 0.5 Hz) and that tracked target velocity information could be obtained more precisely than position information at speeds above 0.5 Hz. Our results revealed that the feedforward (FF) control corresponding to velocity was delayed under the visible-orbit condition at speeds over 0.5 Hz, suggesting that, in carrying out imitation exercises and movements, the use of visually presented 3D guides can interfere with exercise learning and, therefore, that the effects of their use should be carefully considered.