Analysis of time synchronization based on current measurement for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Yousefi, Amirhossein; Somaratne, Kasun; Dian, F. John

doi:10.1109/iemcon.2017.8117157

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The generated IRQs at the master and the slave are delayed with a standard deviation of 0.9 µs. In [36], different options for using current mea-surement for BLE time synchronization are explored. They look into the current profiles of the master and the slave during connection establishment, connection events, and disconnection.…”

Section: A Ble Time Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They look into the current profiles of the master and the slave during connection establishment, connection events, and disconnection. The authors conclude that "many of these events occur almost at the same time and can be used for precise time synchronization" [36]. Current-measurement-based timestamping methods are promising but require external circuits, increasing the system's complexity, cost, and power consumption.…”

Section: A Ble Time Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Self-Sustainable and Micro-Second Time Synchronized Multi-Node Wireless System for Aerodynamic Monitoring on Wind Turbines

Polonelli,

Moallemi,

Kong

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Wind energy generation plays a vital role in transitioning from fossil fuel-based energy sources and in alleviating the impacts of global warming. However, global wind energy coverage still needs to rise, while requiring a significant step up in conversion efficiency: monitoring wind flow and operational parameters of wind turbines is an essential prerequisite for coverage and conversion efficiency optimization. This paper presents a low-power, self-sustainable, and timesynchronised system for aerodynamic and acoustic measurements on operating wind turbines. It includes 40 high-accuracy barometers, 10 microphones, 5 differential pressure sensors, and implements a coarse time synchronisation on top of a Bluetooth Low Energy 5.1 protocol tuned for long-range communications. Moreover, we field-assessed the node capability to collect precise and accurate aerodynamic data with a multi-node setup. Outdoor experimental tests revealed that the system can acquire heterogeneous data with a time synchronisation error below 100 µs and sustain a data rate of 600 kbps over 400 m with up to 5 sensor nodes, enough to fully instrument a wind turbine. The proposed method does not add any traffic overhead on the Bluetooth Low Energy 5.1 protocol, fully relying only on connection events and withstands transmission discontinuity often present in long range wireless communications.

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Section: A Ble Time Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Ble Time Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self-Sustainable and Micro-Second Time Synchronized Multi-Node Wireless System for Aerodynamic Monitoring on Wind Turbines

Polonelli,

Moallemi,

Kong

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several sources tackle bits and pieces of the first question, e.g. some only explain the power profile of either central or peripheral in only one specific scenario [20]- [25], some examine the discovery latency and suggest protocols to reduce it [26], [27], and some suggest a mathematical model [28] or a framework [29] to measure the current consumption while some reduce it by optimizing the related parameters [30]. The second question has not been tackled at all yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Trade-off Between Latency and Power Consumption in Bluetooth Low Energy and Its Mitigation by Using a Wake-Up Receiver

Dodangeh

Alink

Nauta

2022

2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the primary wireless communication protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) devices due to its inherently low energy consumption. BLE's duty-cycled scheme reduces energy consumption, but at the cost of latency. Wake-Up Receivers (WuRXs) have been proposed to mitigate this trade-off, but most attention seems to have been paid to the circuit design rather than assessing exactly how beneficial a WuRX could be. In this paper, we analyze the power consumption and latency impact of a 200µW WuRX added to a state-of-the-art commercial BLE transceiver for relevant IoT scenarios. The results show that the latency/power trade-off can be significantly relaxed for both peripheral and central devices in initiating a connection. Furthermore, if the role of central and peripherals can be changed (peripherals scan instead of advertise), the power consumption of the most energy-constrained devices can be further reduced in scenarios that require less than 200ms latency to initiate a connection. Also, for a maximum latency of 4s, a duty-cycled WuRX enables equal 60µW average power consumption for both the central and peripheral devices. This is extremely useful when both ends of the link face similar battery constraints, as would be the case in many IoT scenarios.

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Wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT), Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges: A Survey

2020

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Smart wearables collect and analyze data, and in some scenarios make a smart decision and provide a response to the user and are finding more and more applications in our daily life. In this paper, we comprehensively survey the most recent and important research works conducted in the area of wearable Internet of Things (IoT) and classify the wearables into four major clusters: (i) health, (ii) sports and daily activity, (iii) tracking and localization, and (iv) safety. The fundamental differences of the algorithms associated within each cluster are grouped and analyzed and the research challenges and open issues in each cluster are discussed. This survey reveals that although Cellular IoT (CIoT) has many advantages and can bring enormous applications to IoT wearables, it has been rarely studied by the researchers. This article also addresses the opportunities and challenges related to implementing CIoT-enabled wearables.INDEX TERMS Smart wearables, Internet of Things, cellular IoT.

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Analysis of time synchronization based on current measurement for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

A Self-Sustainable and Micro-Second Time Synchronized Multi-Node Wireless System for Aerodynamic Monitoring on Wind Turbines

A Self-Sustainable and Micro-Second Time Synchronized Multi-Node Wireless System for Aerodynamic Monitoring on Wind Turbines

Quantifying the Trade-off Between Latency and Power Consumption in Bluetooth Low Energy and Its Mitigation by Using a Wake-Up Receiver

Wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT), Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges: A Survey

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