Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes

Gray, Naudia; Halstead, Mary; Gonzalez-Jimenez, Nathalie; Valentín-Blasini, Liza; Watson, Clifford H.; Pappas, R. Steven

doi:10.3390/ijerph16224450

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, in e-cigarettes, heating coils are usually made of nichrome (combination of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr)) and stainless steel. Toxic metals from heated coils can leach into vaping aerosols [91] and is the reason why Ni and Cr are present in e-cigarette aerosols but not the e-liquids [93,94]. This suggests that the Cr and Ni emission are higher than smoke from tobacco cigarettes.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health

Traboulsi

Cherian

Rjeili

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

E-cigarettes have a liquid that may contain flavors, solvents, and nicotine. Heating this liquid generates an aerosol that is inhaled into the lungs in a process commonly referred to as vaping. E-cigarette devices can also contain cannabis-based products including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis (marijuana). E-cigarette use has rapidly increased among current and former smokers as well as youth who have never smoked. The long-term health effects are unknown, and emerging preclinical and clinical studies suggest that e-cigarettes may not be harmless and can cause cellular alterations analogous to traditional tobacco smoke. Here, we review the historical context and the components of e-cigarettes and discuss toxicological similarities and differences between cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol, with specific reference to adverse respiratory outcomes. Finally, we outline possible clinical disorders associated with vaping on pulmonary health and the recent escalation of acute lung injuries, which led to the declaration of the vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak. It is clear there is much about vaping that is not understood. Consequently, until more is known about the health effects of vaping, individual factors that need to be taken into consideration include age, current and prior use of combustible tobacco products, and whether the user has preexisting lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

show abstract

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health

Traboulsi

Cherian

Rjeili

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Exposure to Ni may also occur by consumption of contaminated foods or agricultural products (4,5). Besides contaminating sources such as commercial items, a major source of Ni is through vaping and the inhalation of Ni contaminated vapor (6,7). Numerous reports have linked exposure to Ni through processes like welding, electroplating, and painting (8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of organic and inorganic nickel in pancreatic cell cultures: Comparison to cadmium

Wallace¹,

Buha-Đorđević²,

Benton³

2020

Arhiv za farmaciju

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nickel compounds are Group 1 carcinogens and possibly cancer-causing in the pancreas. We examined the toxicity of nickel in both 2-D and 3-D pancreatic cell cultures, to determine the LD50 for organic and inorganic nickel in normal and cancerous cells. Assays with cadmium chloride were performed to be a comparison to potential nickel-induced toxicity. Cells were exposed to twelve concentrations of NiCl2 or Ni-(Ac)2 for 48h (2-D), or six concentrations for 48 hours (3-D). There was a significant (P=0.0016) difference between HPNE and AsPC-1 LD50 values after cadmium exposure, at 69.9 µM and 29.2 µM, respectively. Neither form of nickel exhibited toxicity in 2-D or 3-D cultures, but after 48h, changes in spheroid morphology were observed. The inability of Ni to reduce viable cell numbers suggests a toxic mechanism that differs from cadmium, also a Group 1 carcinogen. The cell microenvironment was not a factor in nickel toxicity with no changes in viable cells in either 2-D or 3-D cultures. These studies only examined cytotoxicity, and not genotoxicity, a potential mechanism of nickel carcinogenicity. Alterations in DNA function or the expression of apoptotic proteins/processes would take longer to manifest. Current work focuses on cellular changes following extended nickel exposure.

show abstract

“…Many ECs contain misleading information on product ingredients, not only the different amounts of nicotine but also harmful substances: fine/ultrafine particles, cytotoxic substances, harmful metals, carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines and carbonyls [7]. The new data from Gray [10] demonstrates the impact of device design and materials on toxic metals in different ENDs liquid (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Pb.). Increased metal concentrations in the liquid were followed by elevation in the aerosol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Cigarette Use Among University Students in Slovakia

Babjaková¹,

Weitzman²,

Vondrová³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Young adults are more likely to have experimented with electronic cigarettes (EC) and underestimate their risks. The on-line survey adapted from American Survey on Tobacco and Alternative Tobacco Products included questions about the personal use of EC, perceptions about the harms and their role in disease causation, education and cessation training and practices related to classical cigarettes (CC), electronic cigarettes (EC) and alternative tobacco products (ATP). The questionnaire filled in 577 medical students (71.9% women) from Comenius University in Bratislava, the average age was 23±2yrs. The sample comprised of 486 (84.2%) Slovak and 91 (15.8%) foreign students; 385 were (66.7%) non-smokers, 111 (19.3%) ex-smokers and 81 (14 %) current smokers. EC currently use 13.5 % medical students, more males than females (22.2% vs 10.12%; OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.55−4.13), more foreign students than Slovak students (24.2% vs 11.52; OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.41−4.26), more smokers of classical cigarettes than non-smokers (46.9% vs 8.06%; OR 10.07, 95% CI 5.85−17.34). EC seems to be less harmful to 59.97 % students, mostly in the age groups ≤ 24 (61.76% vs 51.49%; OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03−2.07), 41.25% of students consider EC to be less addictive, 55.6% think they do not get enough education on EC during their medical study. The results show the high consumption of tobacco products and the lack of knowledge and awareness among medical students.

show abstract

Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health

Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health

Toxicity of organic and inorganic nickel in pancreatic cell cultures: Comparison to cadmium

E-Cigarette Use Among University Students in Slovakia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About