Analysis of Trauma Intensity during Surgical Bone Procedures Using NF-κB Expression Levels as a Stress Sensor: An Experimental Study in a Wistar Rat Model

Abstract

Aim and objectives: It is well known that the transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and functions as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses. In the present study, we evaluated the trauma generated (inflammatory reaction) after osteotomy bone surgical procedures and placement of implants in the femoral cortical bone of Wistar rats. Surgical stress was evaluated measuring the release and activation of the NF-κB factor. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into four groups (n = 10) and submitted to different surgical treatments: Control Group (G1 group), only bone perforation was performed without irrigation; Implant Group (G2 group), a titanium implant was inserted after bone perforation without irrigation; Irrigated Group (G3 group) perforations were performed with intense irrigation; and Vitaminic Compound Group (G4 group) surgical perforation was performed without irrigation and a vitaminic compound containing the principal ions present in the natural bone structure was used to fill the bone defect. All animals were euthanized six hours after the surgical procedure and NF-κB levels were determined through immunohistochemical stain followed by direct counting of labeled and unlabeled osteocytes. Results: Among different treated groups, the overall mean of the NF-κB positive cell count in all positions were higher for G1 group (33.4 ± 2.45 cells). NF-κB values were lower in the G2 group (28.9 ± 2.70 cells), whereas in the G3 group (24.3 ± 2.72 cells) as well as in G4 group still lesser NF-κB positive cells were counted (26.5 ± 2.60 cells). Conclusions: The results here presented suggest that maneuvers performed during osteotomy procedures can significantly affect inflammation levels. The NF-κB activation during the surgical procedures can be minimized and/or controlled thought the adequate irrigation or application of adequate substances.

New Implant Macrogeometry to Improve and Accelerate the Osseointegration: An In Vivo Experimental Study

“…The intensity of surgical trauma during implant procedures maneuvers may vary during the drilling or insertion of the implant, as was demonstrated in our previous studies where NF-kB, which is a transcription factor involved in controlling the expression of several genes linked to the inflammatory response, was measured [30]. The excess trauma caused by the inadequate drilling process or the excess compression of the bone tissue during implant installation was reported in some studies [20,31,32].…”

Can changes in implant macrogeometry accelerate the osseointegration process?: An in vivo experimental biomechanical and histological evaluations

“…Events related to implant installation, such as milling and implant insertion, promote different intensities of bone tissue trauma, which affect the inflammatory reaction. This intensity of the inflammatory response, promoted during the implant implantation surgery, was measured by the expression of the transcription factor NF-kB in previous studies performed by our group [36]. Other studies on the same theme have also shown that the excess trauma caused during milling or bone compression during implant insertion can negatively interfere with the healing process of this tissue [23,32,33].…”

Clinical evaluation of the perception of post-trauma paresthesia in the mandible, using a biomimetic material: A preliminary study in humans

“…The selected strategy was to locally provide microelements capable of interacting with the intra and extracellular environment, thus promoting a favorable environment, capable of promoting the repair of the injured target tissue, reducing local oxidative stress, providing favorable conditions for cellular respiration and promoting growth of the injured target tissue. Although unorthodox, this strategy has shown good results in preliminary studies carried out in laboratory animals [ [11] , [12] , [13] ].…”