Analysis of ultrasonically induced free radicals in the emulsion polymerization system by GC–MS

Liu, Youbang; Chou, H. C. Joe; Stoffer, James O.

doi:10.1002/app.1994.070530213

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, ultrasound had been extensively applied in dispersing, emulsifying, crushing, and activating of particles. Recently, more attention has been focused on ultrasonically initiated emulsion polymerization, such as methyl methacrylate [21,22], styrene [23] and butyl acrylate/vinyl acetate [24]. In these emulsion polymerizations induced by ultrasound, there was not any additive chemical initiator, which was absolutely necessary in classical emulsion polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonically initiated emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate and acrylamide. Part I: Polymerization mechanism

Yin¹,

Chen²

2004

Polymer

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonically initiated emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate and acrylamide. Part I: Polymerization mechanism

Yin¹,

Chen²

2004

Polymer

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“…This may be due to the saturation of PFA on the fibrous membrane when PFA concentration reached 5%. The continuing increase of PFA monomer concentration made the fibrous membranes surface attach more OP‐10, which contains hydrophilic groups resulting in decreasing contact angle . Therefore, 5 wt% of PFA was chosen for the following study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of PHB/PBAT–based biodegradable antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes

Lin

Fan

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PHB/PBAT) nanofibrous membranes were produced by electrospinning the blends of biodegradable PHB and PBAT. The antibacterial hydrophobic nanofiber membranes were obtained by grafting 1-allylhydantoin and perfluorooctyl acrylate onto the PHB/PBAT membranes. The prepared nanofibrous membranes were chlorinated with chlorine bleach and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chlorinated nanofibrous membranes exhibited efficient antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) with 6.08 and 5.78 log reduction, respectively. The contact angle of this antibacterial membrane was 123.1°± 1.9°. The treated membranes showed good stability and durability towards UV-A light exposure and storage. To effectively block the entry of water and moisture and slow down food spoilage, food packaging materials need to be hydrophobic.Hydrophobic agents including wax, aluminum soap, zirconium soap, | ElectrospinningEight percent (wt) of PHB and PBAT (PHB/PBAT, 1:1, w/w) were dissolved in a mixture of CHCl 3 and DMF (CHCl 3 /DMF, 10:1, w/w).Electrospinning was performed at 20 kV with a flow rate of 1.5 mL·h −1 at ambient temperature. The distance from tip to collector was 15 cm. The electrospun fibrous membranes were collected on a rotating drum covered with an aluminum foil at a speed of 50 rpm. | Grafting AH and PFAThe mechanism scheme of AH and PFA grafting on PHB/PBAT surfaces is shown in Scheme 1. Initially, AH (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 wt%) and AIBN (10 wt% of AH) were dissolved in ethanol solution in an ultrasonic bath for 20 minutes. Ethanol solution was at a bath ratio of 50:1 on the weight of fibrous membranes. Then, a certain amount of PHB/PBAT fibrous membranes was immersed in the above solution in a water bath at 75°C for 3 hours. Subsequently, fibrous membrane was extracted in ethanol for 24 hours using a Soxhlet extractor.Perfluorooctyl acrylate (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 wt%), AIBN (10 wt% of PFA), and OP-10 (2 wt% of PFA) were dissolved in ethanol solution by ultrasonic vibration for 20 minutes at room temperature. The PHB/PBAT fibrous membranes were added into the solution in a water bath at 75°C for 3 hours. Subsequently, fibrous membrane was extracted in ethanol for 24 hours using a Soxhlet extractor. | Chlorination and titrationThe PHB/PBAT-AH/PFA fibrous membranes were immersed in a 0.05% of NaOCl solution, pH 7, at ambient temperature for 1 hour to become an antimicrobial material. Then, the chlorinated fibrous membranes were washed thoroughly with deionized water and dried at 45°C for 1 hour to remove the unbound chlorine. The loaded active chlorine content on the membranes was measured by the modified iodometric/thiosulfate titration method. The chlorine weight percent of the membranes was calculated according to the equation below:where Cl + (%) is the weight percent of active chlorine on the sample; N and V are...

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“…Recently, ultrasonically initiated emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate [14,15], styrene [16] and butyl acrylate/ vinyl acetate [17] has attracted more attention. Compared to conventional emulsion polymerization, ultrasonically initiated emulsion polymerization can produce faster polymerization, higher monomer conversion and molecular weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage mathematical model of ultrasonically initiated emulsion polymerization part one, stage I

Yin

Chen

2005

Polymer

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Analysis of ultrasonically induced free radicals in the emulsion polymerization system by GC–MS

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Ultrasonically initiated emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate and acrylamide. Part I: Polymerization mechanism

Ultrasonically initiated emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate and acrylamide. Part I: Polymerization mechanism

Preparation and characterization of PHB/PBAT–based biodegradable antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes

Two-stage mathematical model of ultrasonically initiated emulsion polymerization part one, stage I

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