Preparation and characterization of PHB/PBAT–based biodegradable antibacterial hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes

Abstract

In this study, polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PHB/PBAT) nanofibrous membranes were produced by electrospinning the blends of biodegradable PHB and PBAT. The antibacterial hydrophobic nanofiber membranes were obtained by grafting 1-allylhydantoin and perfluorooctyl acrylate onto the PHB/PBAT membranes. The prepared nanofibrous membranes were chlorinated with chlorine bleach and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chlorinated nanofibrous membranes exhibited efficient antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) with 6.08 and 5.78 log reduction, respectively. The contact angle of this antibacterial membrane was 123.1°± 1.9°. The treated membranes showed good stability and durability towards UV-A light exposure and storage. To effectively block the entry of water and moisture and slow down food spoilage, food packaging materials need to be hydrophobic.Hydrophobic agents including wax, aluminum soap, zirconium soap, | ElectrospinningEight percent (wt) of PHB and PBAT (PHB/PBAT, 1:1, w/w) were dissolved in a mixture of CHCl 3 and DMF (CHCl 3 /DMF, 10:1, w/w).Electrospinning was performed at 20 kV with a flow rate of 1.5 mL·h −1 at ambient temperature. The distance from tip to collector was 15 cm. The electrospun fibrous membranes were collected on a rotating drum covered with an aluminum foil at a speed of 50 rpm. | Grafting AH and PFAThe mechanism scheme of AH and PFA grafting on PHB/PBAT surfaces is shown in Scheme 1. Initially, AH (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 wt%) and AIBN (10 wt% of AH) were dissolved in ethanol solution in an ultrasonic bath for 20 minutes. Ethanol solution was at a bath ratio of 50:1 on the weight of fibrous membranes. Then, a certain amount of PHB/PBAT fibrous membranes was immersed in the above solution in a water bath at 75°C for 3 hours. Subsequently, fibrous membrane was extracted in ethanol for 24 hours using a Soxhlet extractor.Perfluorooctyl acrylate (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 wt%), AIBN (10 wt% of PFA), and OP-10 (2 wt% of PFA) were dissolved in ethanol solution by ultrasonic vibration for 20 minutes at room temperature. The PHB/PBAT fibrous membranes were added into the solution in a water bath at 75°C for 3 hours. Subsequently, fibrous membrane was extracted in ethanol for 24 hours using a Soxhlet extractor. | Chlorination and titrationThe PHB/PBAT-AH/PFA fibrous membranes were immersed in a 0.05% of NaOCl solution, pH 7, at ambient temperature for 1 hour to become an antimicrobial material. Then, the chlorinated fibrous membranes were washed thoroughly with deionized water and dried at 45°C for 1 hour to remove the unbound chlorine. The loaded active chlorine content on the membranes was measured by the modified iodometric/thiosulfate titration method. The chlorine weight percent of the membranes was calculated according to the equation below:where Cl + (%) is the weight percent of active chlorine on the sample; N and V are...

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