Analysis of urban energy consumption in carbon metabolic processes and its structural attributes: a case study for Beijing

Zhang, Yan; Zheng, Hongmei; Zhang, Yang; Li, Jinjian; Yin, Xia; Su, Meirong

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.07.075

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In 2011, Beijing emitted about 50 Mt more than in 2002, of which 93.8% was from energy consumption (Huisingh et al, 2015). Zhang et al (2015) evaluate the attributes of the energy consumption structure and determine the required carbon emissions reduction by each sector. From 2000 to 2010, the emission efficiency of Beijing's energy consumption structure fluctuated, but with an overall trend toward higher emission efficiency.…”

Section: The Distribution Of Carbon Quotas In Beijing-tianjin-hebei Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated weighting approach to carbon emission quotas: an application case of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Ren

Tang

Fan

et al. 2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Section: The Distribution Of Carbon Quotas In Beijing-tianjin-hebei Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated weighting approach to carbon emission quotas: an application case of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Ren

Tang

Fan

et al. 2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…For energy and carbon flows, Zhang and colleagues () chose data from Beijing in 5 years between 2000 and 2010 and analyzed the embodied energy consumption of the city's 28 sectors, and also calculated the energy‐related CF. To combine the energy flows and CF, Zhang and colleagues () calculated the energy consumption per unit of CF for the sectors in Beijing. But all of these studies only focused on one city and did not analyze how energy or carbon flows among different regions, such as the regions that together comprise an urban agglomeration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Urban Metabolism and Carbon Footprint Analysis of the Jing–Jin–Ji Regional Agglomeration

Zheng¹,

Fath²,

Zhang³

2016

J of Industrial Ecology

Self Cite

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Summary Urban energy metabolism includes processes for exploiting, transforming, and consuming energy, as well as processes for recycling by‐products and wastes. Embodied energy is the energy consumed during all of these activities, both directly and indirectly. Multiregional input‐output (MRIO) analysis can calculate the energy consumption embodied in flows among sectors for multiple cities or regions. Our goal was to address a problem apparent in previous research, which was insufficient attention to indirect energy flows. We combined MRIO analysis with ecological network analysis to calculate the embodied energy consumption and the energy‐related carbon footprints of five sectors in three regions that comprise the Jing‐Jin‐Ji agglomeration, using data from 2002 and 2007. Our analysis traced metabolic processes of sectors from the perspective of final consumption. Based on the embodied energy analysis, we quantified the indirect energy consumption implied in exchanges of sectors and its distribution and identified the relationships formed through the indirect consumption to analyze the roles of providers and receivers in the system. Results showed that the embodied energy consumption for the Jing‐Jin‐Ji region increased from 2002 to 2007 as a result of increased energy consumption in Tianjin and Hebei. Overall, consumption of Beijing decreased likely attributable to the fact that government policies relocated industries during this time in anticipation of the Olympic Games. The relationships among sectors changed: Beijing changed from a net exporter to an importer, whereas Hebei changed from a net importer of energy from Beijing to an exporter to Beijing, and Tianjin served as an importer in both years.

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“…Current studies of energy consumption and carbon emissions mainly focus on industry sectors [10,11]. More attention should be given to household carbon emissions, especially in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Controlling Urban and Rural Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Household Consumption: A Case Study in Beijing

Jin

Sun

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Residential carbon dioxide emissions can be divided into a direct component caused by consumers via direct energy usage and an indirect component caused by consumers buying and using products to meet their needs, with a higher proportion caused by the latter. Based on Beijing panel data for 1993–2012, an economic boom period in China, indirect carbon dioxide emissions were separately calculated for urban and rural households using the consumer lifestyle approach (CLA) model. Then, an extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model was used to analyze the influence from two aspects, social economy, and land use, with high precision. Results indicate that indirect CO2 emissions in Beijing households display a rising trend in urban areas but a slight decrease in rural areas. Technology influences and forest land are, respectively, the most important aspects of the social economy and land use. Higher population and urbanization resulted in enhanced emissions in both urban and rural areas. The Engel coefficient presented a negative correlation with indirect CO2 emissions for both rural and urban areas. Compared with urban areas, the per capita net income of rural areas restrained consumption. The consumption structure of urban residents was more biased toward the tertiary industry than that of rural residents. Although technical progress has proceeded, it cannot offset urban residents’ indirect CO2 emissions caused by the large amount and rapid growth of consumption. Regarding land use, urban construction land net primary productivity (NPP) was high and not an important factor contributing to indirect CO2 emissions. Forest and lawn primarily served a recreational function and exhibited a positive impact. Water and cultivated land offered insufficient production and thus had a negative influence. For rural residents, lawn and cultivated land production is self-sufficient. Forests offer a carbon sequence effect, and construction land expansion increased the proportion of developed area, offering a scale effect that resulted in reduced carbon emissions. Based on the results, alternative carbon emission reduction policies have been proposed for each tested influence aspect to reduce emissions, including policies for optimizing industrialization quality, constructing a medium-density city, increasing space efficiency, encouraging sustainable consumption behavior, and increasing the efficiency of energy utilization.

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Analysis of urban energy consumption in carbon metabolic processes and its structural attributes: a case study for Beijing

Cited by 31 publications

References 58 publications

Integrated weighting approach to carbon emission quotas: an application case of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Integrated weighting approach to carbon emission quotas: an application case of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

An Urban Metabolism and Carbon Footprint Analysis of the Jing–Jin–Ji Regional Agglomeration

Factors Controlling Urban and Rural Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Household Consumption: A Case Study in Beijing

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