Analysis of visual pigment absorbance and luminescence emission spectra in marine ostracodes (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

Huvard, Andrea L.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(93)90325-x

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Many animals, such as fish 41 and also other crustaceans (e.g., Daphnia, 42 ) use the direction of light in addition to gravity for orientation and postural control. Since light has also been found to influence the behavior of Ostracoda, 31 , 32 directed WL could provide an orientational cue in µ g .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we analyzed, if such changes can be compensated or reduced. Therefore, we assessed the influence of illumination, which could provide a cue for spatial orientation in µ g , as other species use the direction of incident light for orientation 31 , 32 and a possible acclimation to µ g over time. Moreover, we approached the threshold of gravity perception of both species under partial-gravity conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of gravity and light on locomotion and orientation of Heterocypris incongruens and Notodromas monacha (Crustacea, Ostracoda)

Fischer

Laforsch

2018

npj Microgravity

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For future manned long-d uration space missions, the supply of essentials, such as food, water, and oxygen with the least possible material resupply from Earth is vital. This need could be satisfied utilizing aquatic bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS), as they facilitate recycling and autochthonous production. However, few organisms can cope with the instable environmental conditions and organic pollution potentially prevailing in such BLSS. Ostracoda, however, occur in eu- and even hypertrophic waters, tolerate organic and chemical waste, varying temperatures, salinity, and pH ranges. Thus, according to their natural role, they can link oxygen liberating, autotrophic algae, and higher trophic levels (e.g., fish) probably also in such harsh BLSS. Yet, little is known about how microgravity (µg) affects Ostracoda. In this regard, we investigated locomotion and orientation, as they are involved in locating mating partners and suitable microhabitats, foraging, and escaping predators. Our study shows that Ostracoda exhibit altered activity patterns and locomotion behavior (looping) in µg. The alterations are differentially marked between the studied species (i.e., 2% looping in Notodromas monacha, ~50% in Heterocypris incongruens) and also the thresholds of gravity perception are distinct, although the reasons for these differences remain speculative. Furthermore, neither species acclimates to µg nor orientates by light in µg. However, Ostracoda are still promising candidates for BLSS due to the low looping rate of N. monacha and our findings that the so far analyzed vital functions and life-history parameters of H. incongruens remained similar as under normal gravity conditions despite of its high looping rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of gravity and light on locomotion and orientation of Heterocypris incongruens and Notodromas monacha (Crustacea, Ostracoda)

Fischer

Laforsch

2018

npj Microgravity

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“…However, unlike kinetics, emission spectra (“colours”) are not well characterized in many cypridinids. Previously published experiments hinted at variation in colour of ostracod bioluminescence (Harvey, 1924; Huvard, 1993), yet interspecific comparisons were impossible due to differences in methods and lack of replication (Table ). Harvey (1924) first noted a difference in colour between two species when he cross‐reacted crude preparations from Vargula hilgendorfii and an unknown Jamaican species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies

et al. 2020

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Understanding the genetic causes of evolutionary diversification is challenging because differences across species are complex, often involving many genes. However, cases where single or few genetic loci affect a trait that varies dramatically across a radiation of species provide tractable opportunities to understand the genetics of diversification. Here, we begin to explore how diversification of bioluminescent signals across species of cypridinid ostracods (“sea fireflies”) was influenced by evolution of a single gene, cypridinid‐luciferase. In addition to emission spectra (“colour”) of bioluminescence from 21 cypridinid species, we report 13 new c‐luciferase genes from de novo transcriptomes, including in vitro assays to confirm function of four of those genes. Our comparative analyses suggest some amino acid sites in c‐luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection and may be associated with changes in both enzyme kinetics and colour, two enzymatic functions that directly impact the phenotype of bioluminescent signals. The analyses also suggest multiple other amino acid positions in c‐luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, and may have impacted the variation of colour of bioluminescent signals across genera. Previous mutagenesis studies at candidate sites show epistatic interactions, which could constrain the evolution of c‐luciferase function. This work provides important steps toward understanding the genetic basis of diversification of behavioural signals across multiple species, suggesting different evolutionary processes act at different times during a radiation of species. These results set the stage for additional mutagenesis studies that could explicitly link selection, drift, and constraint to the evolution of phenotypic diversification.

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“…He also concluded the protein (luciferase) dictates the color. More recent studies also hint at color differences because two Photeros species (Huvard, 1993) differ from two Vargula and one Cypridina species (Nakajima et al, 2004;Tsuji et al, 1974;Widder et al, 1983) in wavelengths of peak emission ( max ). The qualitative observations of Harvey nearly 100 years ago are consistent with the more recently published emission spectra of ostracods that suggest some Caribbean species have higher max values than other species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However unlike decay kinetics, emission spectra ("colors") are not well-characterized in many cypridinids. Previously published experiments hinted at variation in color of ostracod bioluminescence (Harvey, 1924;Huvard, 1993) , yet understanding differences between species was difficult because most spectra were determined by different researchers with different equipment and without replication, making statistical comparisons impossible (Table S1). Harvey (1924) first noticed a difference in color between two species when he cross-reacted crude preparations of luciferase and luciferin from V. hilgendorfii and an unknown Jamaican species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolution of luciferase diversified bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies

Hensley

Ellis

Leung

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Integrative studies of courtship signals provide rich opportunities to understand how biological diversity originates, but understanding the underlying genetics is challenging. Here we show molecular evolution of a single gene -luciferase -influenced diversification of bioluminescent signals in cypridinid ostracods, including their radiation into dozens of Caribbean species with distinctive courtship displays. We report emission spectra from twenty-one species, thirteen luciferases from transcriptomes, and in vitro assays that confirm function from four exemplar species. We found most sites in luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, including multiple sites that affect the color of bioluminescence in mutagenesis studies. Twelve sites in cypridinid luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection, including five that correlate with changes in kinetics and/or color of bioluminescence, phenotypes that manifest at the organismal level. These results demonstrate how neutral, pleiotropic, and/or selective forces may act on even a single gene and contribute to diversification of phenotypes.

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Analysis of visual pigment absorbance and luminescence emission spectra in marine ostracodes (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

The influence of gravity and light on locomotion and orientation of Heterocypris incongruens and Notodromas monacha (Crustacea, Ostracoda)

The influence of gravity and light on locomotion and orientation of Heterocypris incongruens and Notodromas monacha (Crustacea, Ostracoda)

Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies

Molecular evolution of luciferase diversified bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies

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