Analysis of Water Age and Flushing of the Water Supply Network of the Pressure Reduction Zone

Abstract

The water of appropriate quality introduced in the water system changes its chemical properties. Depending on the chemical properties of water and pipe materials, various phenomena may occur, e.g. corrosion, and biofilm structure. The decreasing water demand in existing water systems leads to a reduction in the water flow velocity in the pipes. Accordingly, the age of the water in the system increases. It is especially visible at connections and long sections of the network. The deteriorating water quality along with the elapsing time of its stay in the pipes makes it necessary to perform appropriate measures, e.g. flushing the network. Water supply services usually perform them intuitively. The choice of flushing sites, times, or flow rates is not measured and verified. The age of the water and the efficiency of flushing can be simulated in computer programs. EPANET provides tools for such simulations. The research aimed to check the effects of flushing the network and the age of water in the pressure reduction zone. This is a case that is particularly prone to the increasing age of water. The research has shown that the network flushing sites used so far contribute to the exchange of water in the main water pipes. The simulations showed the need for the additional flush in new places, and in the tested case, the age of the water in the pipes is as much as the intervals between subsequent rinses.

The Hourly Peak Coefficient of Single-Family and Multi-Family Buildings in Poland: Support for the Selection of Water Meters and the Construction of a Water Distribution System Model

“…Each WDN is characterized by variability in terms of water supplies during the day. Most often, there are periods of increased (peak) water consumption during the day, e.g., the morning peak and evening peak, periods of • The selection of pipe diameter for a water distribution network (WDN) [8,9]; • The selection of water meter size for consumers [10];…”

Water age modeling as a tool to improve the quality and reduce the costs of water treatment in Polanica-Zdrój

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Analysis of the Use of the PV Installation in the Power Supply of the Water Pumping Station

“…Researchers are researching optimizing the operation of pumps and regulating their speed [9], the possibility of rebuilding the pipe system [10] (including increasing the diameter of the pipes to reduce pressure losses [11]) or replacing them-reducing Energies 2022, 15, 9536 2 of 13 roughness in old pipes [12]), modifying the control algorithms [13], or finding new network elements that can generate electricity, e.g., microturbines [14,15]. Schedules are developed based on water consumption in a given settlement unit supplied by a pumping station based on flow values recorded on a flow meter or water meter [16,17]. The schedules can distinguish periods of reduced water consumption (night time) and increased water consumption (morning and evening hours), as well as the variability of water consumption characteristics on working days about weekends and holidays [18][19][20].…”