Analysis of wood density profiles of tree stems: incorporating vertical variations to optimize wood sampling strategies for density and biomass estimations

Wassenberg, Marc; Chiu, Haw-Shi; Wen-fu, Guo; Spiecker, Heinrich

doi:10.1007/s00468-014-1134-7

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For this species, contradictory results were previously obtained, showing either higher or lower density in juvenile wood compared with mature wood (Nepveu 1981), whereas, for Quercus sp., the radial decrease in BSG from pith to bark is well-known (e.g. Wassenberg et al, 2015). Last, the relationship reported by Woodcock and Shier (2002), Poorter (2008) and some other authors, mainly for tropical species but for some temperate species as well, between wood density and the successional status of species was not applicable for two of our five temperate species: Q. petraea/robur and A. alba.…”

Section: Comparison Between Our Data and The Theories/models/patternsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Patterns of within-stem variations in wood specific gravity and water content for five temperate tree species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Santenoise

et al. 2017

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract• Key message Intensive measurements of basic specific gravity and relative water content of lumens show that within-stem variations strongly depend on species and cannot be summarised through the typical patterns Handling Editor: Jean-Michel LebanContribution of the co-authors Fleur Longuetaud: designed the experiment, run the data analysis and was the main writer. Frédéric Mothe: designed the experiment, run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Philippe Santenoise: helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Ndiaye Diop: helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Jana Dlouha: helped with discussions and contributed to the writing. Meriem Fournier: helped with discussions and contributed to the writing. Christine Deleuze: supervised the work and coordinated EMERGE project. • Context Knowledge of the distribution of wood properties within the tree is essential for understanding tree physiology as well as for biomass estimations and for assessing the quality of wood products.• Aims The radial and vertical variations of basic specific gravity (BSG) and relative water content of lumens (RWC L ) were studied for five species: Quercus petraea/robur, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Abies alba and Pseudotsuga menziesii. The observations were compared with typical patterns of variations reported in the literature.• Methods Wood discs were sampled regularly along tree stems and X-rayed in their fresh and oven-dry states.• Results At breast height, BSG was found to clearly increase radially (pith to bark) for two species and to decrease for one species. For F. sylvatica and A. alba, the radial variations of BSG were rather U-shaped, with in particular inner wood areas showing respectively lower and higher BSG than the corresponding mature wood. RWC L increased generally from inner to outer area but wet sapwood was clearly distinguishable only for the coniferous species. Vertical variations of BSG and RWC L were strongly dependant on the species with usually non-linear patterns.• Conclusion The observed variations of BSG were only partially in agreement with the reported typical radial patterns. Despite the vertical variations, the mean BSG of a cross-section at breast height appeared to be a good estimator of the mean BSG of the whole stem (although the difference was statistically significant for coniferous species), whereas breast height measurement of RWC L was not representative of the whole stem.

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Section: Comparison Between Our Data and The Theories/models/patternsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Patterns of within-stem variations in wood specific gravity and water content for five temperate tree species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Santenoise

et al. 2017

Annals of Forest Science

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“…Applying such volume tables as a basis, the carbon content can be calculated utilising the density and a general conversion factor as suggested by Pretzsch (2010). This efficient approach has some limitations due to the fact that the density is acknowledged not only to differ within tree species (Hamilton 1975) and between sites (Maniatis et al 2011), but is also recognised not to be homogenous throughout a tree (Wassenberg et al 2015). Additionally, the carbon content is neither the same between tree species nor among tissue types (Thomas and Martin 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above-ground woody biomass allocation and within tree carbon and nutrient distribution of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) – a case study

et al. 2016

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Background: The global search for new ways to sequester carbon has already reached agricultural lands. Such land constitutes a major potential carbon sink. The production of high value timber within agroforestry systems can facilitate an in-situ carbon storage function. This is followed by a potential long term ex-situ carbon sinkwithin long lasting products such as veneer and furniture. For this purpose wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is an interesting option for middle Europe, yielding high prices on the timber market. Methods: A total number of 39 wild cherry were sampled in 2012 and 2013 to assess the leafless above ground biomass. The complete trees including stem and branches were separated into 1 cm diameter classes. Wood and bark from sub-samples were analysed separately and nutrient content was derived. Models for biomass estimation were constructed for all tree compartments. Results:The smallest diameter classes possess the highest proportion of bark due to smaller cross sectional area. Tree boles with a greater amount of stem wood above 10 cm in diameter will have a more constant bark proportion. Total branch bark proportion also remains relatively constant above d 1.3m measurements of 8 cm. A balance is evident between the production of new branches with a low diameter and high bark proportion offset by the thickening and a relative reduction in bark proportion in larger branches. The results show that a single tree with an age of 17 and 18 years can store up to 85 kg of carbon within the aboveground biomass portion, an amount that will increase as the tree matures. Branches display greater nutrient content than stem sections per volume unit which can be attributed to a greater bark proportion. Conclusions:Using the derived models the carbon and the nutrient content of above-ground woody biomass of whole trees can be calculated. Suggested values for carbon with other major and minor nutrients held within relatively immature trees strongly supports the idea of the inclusion of wild cherry within agroforestry systems as an option for carbon sequestration.

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“…The point cloud post processing with SimpleTree is described in the Appendix A. The volumes of reconstructed trees were multiplied with density values discussed in Wassenberg et al [91] to estimate biomass.…”

Section: Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SimpleTree —An Efficient Open Source Tool to Build Tree Models from TLS Clouds

Hackenberg

Spiecker

Calders

et al. 2015

Forests

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281

260

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An open source tool named SimpleTree, capable of modelling highly accurate cylindrical tree models from terrestrial laser scan point clouds, is presented and evaluated. All important functionalities, accessible in the software via buttons and dialogues, are described including the explanation of all necessary input parameters. The method is validated utilizing 101 point clouds of six different tree species, in the main evergreen and coniferous trees. All scanned trees have been destructively harvested to get accurate estimates of above ground biomass with which we assess the accuracy of the SimpleTree-reconstructed cylinder models. The trees were grouped into four data sets and for each one a Concordance Correlation Coefficient of at least 0. 92 (0.92, 0.97, 0.92, 0.94) and an total relative error at most ∼ 8 % (2.42%, 3.59%, -4.59%, 8.27%) was achieved in the comparison of the model results to the ground truth data. A global statistical improvement of derived cylinder radii is presented as well as an efficient optimization approach to Forests 2015, 6 4246 automatically improve user given input parameters. An additional check of the SimpleTree results is presented via comparison to the results of trees reconstructed using an alternative, published method.

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Analysis of wood density profiles of tree stems: incorporating vertical variations to optimize wood sampling strategies for density and biomass estimations

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Patterns of within-stem variations in wood specific gravity and water content for five temperate tree species

Patterns of within-stem variations in wood specific gravity and water content for five temperate tree species

Above-ground woody biomass allocation and within tree carbon and nutrient distribution of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) – a case study

SimpleTree —An Efficient Open Source Tool to Build Tree Models from TLS Clouds

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