Analysis of yeast chromosomal regions carrying members of the glutamate tRNA gene family: various transposable elements are associated with them

Hauber, Joachim; Stucka, Rolf; Krieg, Robert; Feldmann, Horst

doi:10.1093/nar/16.22.10623

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Corresponds to EMBL accession number V01337 (15). d Corresponds to EMBL accession number X08048 (23). A novel tRNAG?u locus not described in current sequence databases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in comparison with other YEMglacl81-based constructs carrying tRNA3IU, multicopy tRNA4 Iu did not confer toxin resistance on LL20 (Table 2), supporting the notion that the effect is highly specific for tRNA3IU. When further tRNAGIU genes which also conferred toxin resistance were sought from a different high-copy-number library constructed in pMA3a, two clones encoding another previously isolated tRNAGIU gene (23) and a further clone encoding a novel tRNAGIu locus were obtained (Table 2), but in each case DNA sequencing confirmed their identity specifically as tRNAGlU. The fact that four different tRNAGlu clones with quite different flanking sequences all conferred resistance emphasizes the fact that it is the tRNA gene itself, rather than the flanking sequences, which mediates the effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, both loss of KTI12 function and elevated KTI12 gene dosage confer toxin resistance on sensitive cells. The second sequence which reduced toxin sensitivity in multicopy encodes a tRNA"Iu gene, I of about 12 such sequences in the cell (23). The effect of multicopy tRNAcIu is highly specific and related to the toxin's target, demonstrating that elevated tRNAGIU levels can antagonize the intracellular action of the toxin.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes which control sensitivity to G1 arrest induced by Kluyveromyces lactis toxin.

Butler¹,

White²,

Folawiyo³

et al. 1994

Mol. Cell. Biol.

167

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The Kluyveromyces lactis toxin causes an arrest of sensitive yeast cells in the G1 phase of the cell division cycle. Two complementary genetic approaches have been undertaken in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand the mode of action of this toxin. First, two sequences conferring toxin resistance specifically in high copy number have been isolated and shown to encode a tRNA(Glu3) and a novel polypeptide. Disruption of the latter sequence in the yeast genome conferred toxin resistance and revealed that it was nonessential, while the effect of the tRNA(Glu)3 was highly specific and mediated resistance by affecting the toxin's target. An alpha-specific, copy number-independent suppressor of toxin sensitivity was also isolated and identified as MATa, consistent with the observation that diploid cells are partially resistant to the toxin. Second, in a comprehensive screen for toxin-resistant mutants, representatives of 13 complementation groups have been obtained and characterized to determine whether they are altered in the toxin's intracellular target. Of 10 genes found to affect the target process, one (KTI12) was found to encode the novel polypeptide previously identified as a multicopy resistance determinant. Thus, both loss of KTI12 function and elevated KTI12 copy number can cause resistance to the K. lactis toxin.

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“…Corresponds to EMBL accession number V01337 (15). d Corresponds to EMBL accession number X08048 (23). A novel tRNAG?u locus not described in current sequence databases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes which control sensitivity to G1 arrest induced by Kluyveromyces lactis toxin.

Butler¹,

White²,

Folawiyo³

et al. 1994

Mol. Cell. Biol.

167

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“…close association of tRNA genes immediately upstream of the Ty retrotransposons (5,36,47,72,79,80). This association is precisely positioned in the Ty3 class of full retrotransposon and the more numerous free solo repeats of the sigma repetitive elements that form the Ty3 long terminal repeats.…”

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confidence: 99%

tRNA genes as transcriptional repressor elements.

Hull¹,

Erickson²,

Johnston³

et al. 1994

Mol. Cell. Biol.

120

129

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Eukaryotic genomes frequently contain large numbers of repetitive RNA polymerase III (pol III) promoter elements interspersed between and within RNA pol II transcription units, and in several instances a regulatory relationship between the two types of promoter has been postulated. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, tRNA genes are the only known interspersed pol III promoter-containing repetitive elements, and we find that they strongly inhibit transcription from adjacent pol II promoters in vivo. This inhibition requires active transcription of the upstream tRNA gene but is independent of its orientation and appears not to involve simple steric blockage of the pol II upstream activator sites. Evidence is presented that different pol II promoters can be repressed by different tRNA genes placed upstream at varied distances in both orientations.To test whether this phenomenon functions in naturally occurring instances in which tRNA genes and pol II promoters are juxtaposed, we examined the sigma and Ty3 elements. This class of retrotransposons is always found integrated immediately upstream of different tRNA genes. Weakening tRNA gene transcription by means of a temperature-sensitive mutation in RNA pol III increases the pheromone-inducible expression of sigma and Ty3 elements up to 60-fold.Many eukaryotic genomes contain families of moderately to highly repeated DNA elements containing RNA polymerase III (pol III) promoters (reviewed in references 74 and 75). Frequently these elements resemble the intragenic pol III promoter class found in tRNA and 7SL RNA genes, which consist of consensus A-box and B-box sequences downstream from the transcription start sites. These elements can be found either dispersed as individual copies or as highly reiterated tandem copies, especially in heterochromatic regions. The pol III elements are not generally transcribed into stable RNA commensurate with their copy number in vivo, although they can usually be transcribed in vitro, and there are numerous reports of condition-specific or development-specific activation in vivo (10,27,61,90,95,97,101). Several hypotheses have been put forward regarding possible functions for these sequences, but one particularly interesting suggestion is that dispersed RNA pol III promoters might exert either a positive or negative influence on the transcriptional activity of overlapping or nearby RNA pol II promoters (11,12,15,89,90,96). In some cases, cryptic pol III promoter elements directly interfere with factor binding sites in the pol II promoter upstream region or with the pol II initiation site itself. In at least one report, however, repression was achieved by an Alu repetitive element, in which case there was no obvious steric overlap with the neighboring pol II promoter (96).In this report, the question of whether RNA pol III promoters can exert negative transcriptional regulation on neighboring DNA has been approached by studying the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although this yeast does not appear to have any Alu-ty...

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“…In comparison with the cognate Figure 1 tRNA sequences, these genes encode a tRNA-(Glyl) (Yoshida, 1973) and a tRNA(Asn) (Keith and Pixa, 1984). Likewise, by using a comprehensive collection of known Ty elements and remnants thereof (H. Feldmann, unpublished), several of these elements were found to be associated with these tRNA genes, as observed in the majority of the tRNA genes in yeast (e.g., Hauber et al, 1988). The results of further computer-aided analyses (such as GC-content, codon usage, location of potential regulatory sequences, etc.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%