“…Furthermore, our study adds a seasonal element to the well-known studies on hedging pressure (e.g., Hirshleifer, 1990;Bessembinder, 1992;Roon et al, 2000;Basu and Miffre, 2013). Finally, because in general the pricing kernel can be linked to volatility, our study is related to studies on seasonal changes in volatility (e.g., Ewald and Zou, 2021;Koekebakker and Lien, 2004). Our study also expands on Hirshleifer (1991), providing empirical evidence that his Proposition 1 is violated in the real world under more general assumptions.…”