Analytical characterization of some synthetic cannabinoids, derivatives of indole-3-carboxylic acid

Identification and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in “spice-like” herbal mixtures: update of the German situation for the spring of 2015

“…The relevant spectrum sections of the two solutions are also given as figures in the supplementary material file. A comparison of the results of our 1 H NMR analysis with those by the earlier authors [22] shows discrepancies with our assignments of H-5 0 (d = 7.95) as well as of H-7, H-6 0 and H-7 0 (d = 7.71-7.67). This is most probably due to the incomplete and incorrect analysis of the multiplets in question by these authors.…”

“…The occurrence of AB-CHMINACA (2), AB-FUBINACA (3), EAM-2201 (7) and 5-fluoro-PB-22 (4) has been documented; the first three (2, 3 and 7) were reported for the Asian countries, in particular, the Japanese market [17][18][19][20][21].The occurrence of 4 is more widely spread and has a reputation of being causal for acute health effects [21][22][23].…”

“…When the spectrum was repeated in DMSO-d 6 to compare it with the literature [22], its appearance was substantially different. The chemical shift difference of H-6 0 and H-7 0 was considerably smaller than for the CD 3 OD solution, which caused the change from a clean doublet of doublets (in CD 3 OD) to the 6-line X part of an ABX spin system (in DMSO-d 6 ).…”

Metabolic characterization of (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-methanone (MAM-2201) using human liver microsomes and cDNA-overexpressed cytochrome P450 enzymes

“…Structure-activity relationships for synthetic cannabinoids have been established [4][5][6][7][8], and JWH compounds (JWH-018, JWH-122, and JWH-073) have been modified as follows: introduction of a fluorine atom (AM-2201, MAM-2201, and EAM-2201) [9] and substitution of the naphthyl group for a cyclopropyl group (UR-144 and XLR-11) [10,11], adamantyl group (APICA and 5F-APICA) [10], or quinolinyl group (QUPIC and QUCHIC) [12,13]. Synthetic cannabinoids have been found in seized herbal materials, and their continual emergence on recreational and illicit drug markets has become a global issue [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Determination of trace elements in illicit spice samples by using ICP-MS

“…"Street chemists" named and launched these smokable herbal products under the "Spice" brand [2]. The popularity of "spice" rapidly increased with the help of their legal sales [3]. Although package labels clearly indicate "not for human consumption", "incense", or "for aromatherapy use only", clinical toxicologists understand these products are commonly used to obtain Δ9-THC-like psychological effects [4].…”