Analytical Chemistry: Purpose and Procedures
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Cited by 2 publications
References 25 publications
The article contains sections titled: 1 Subject and Scope 2 Working Fields 3 Contamination and Decontamination 4 Quantitation of Trace‐Analytical Measurements and Their Quality Assurance 4.1 Basic Considerations 4.2 Uncertainty Concept 4.3 Calibration 4.4 Validation 4.5 Limit of Decision, Detection, and Determination 4.6 Analytical Quality Assurance 5 Sampling, Sample Preservation, and Sample Preparation 5.1 Sampling and Sample Preservation 5.2 Sample Preparation 5.2.1 General Aspects 5.2.2 Sample Preparation for Inorganic Trace Analysis 5.2.3 Sample Preparation for Organic Trace Analysis 6 Inorganic Trace Analysis 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Spectroscopic Methods 6.2.1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) 6.2.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) 6.2.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) 6.2.4 Comparison of AAS, ICP‐OES, and ICP‐MS 6.2.5 X‐ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) 6.3 Electrochemical Analytical Methods 6.3.1 Potentiometry–Ion‐selective Electrodes (ISE) 6.3.2 Voltammetry/Polarography 6.3.3 Comparison of Electrochemical Analytical Methods 6.4 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) 7 Organic Trace Analysis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Gas Chromatography (GC) 7.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 8 Other Techniques for Trace Analysis 8.1 Methods of Classical Chemical Analysis 8.2 Methods of the Determination of Group and Sum Parameters 8.3 Enzyme and Immunochemical Analysis 9 Examples of Trace Analysis 9.1 Analysis of Fresh Water for Trace Elements by ICP‐MS 9.2 Determination of Pt in Soil Samples by GFAAS 9.3 Determination of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by GC/MS 9.4 Analysis of Explosives by HPLC/UV 10 Perspective References
The article contains sections titled: 1 Subject and Scope 2 Working Fields 3 Contamination and Decontamination 4 Quantitation of Trace‐Analytical Measurements and Their Quality Assurance 4.1 Basic Considerations 4.2 Uncertainty Concept 4.3 Calibration 4.4 Validation 4.5 Limit of Decision, Detection, and Determination 4.6 Analytical Quality Assurance 5 Sampling, Sample Preservation, and Sample Preparation 5.1 Sampling and Sample Preservation 5.2 Sample Preparation 5.2.1 General Aspects 5.2.2 Sample Preparation for Inorganic Trace Analysis 5.2.3 Sample Preparation for Organic Trace Analysis 6 Inorganic Trace Analysis 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Spectroscopic Methods 6.2.1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) 6.2.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) 6.2.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) 6.2.4 Comparison of AAS, ICP‐OES, and ICP‐MS 6.2.5 X‐ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) 6.3 Electrochemical Analytical Methods 6.3.1 Potentiometry–Ion‐selective Electrodes (ISE) 6.3.2 Voltammetry/Polarography 6.3.3 Comparison of Electrochemical Analytical Methods 6.4 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) 7 Organic Trace Analysis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Gas Chromatography (GC) 7.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 8 Other Techniques for Trace Analysis 8.1 Methods of Classical Chemical Analysis 8.2 Methods of the Determination of Group and Sum Parameters 8.3 Enzyme and Immunochemical Analysis 9 Examples of Trace Analysis 9.1 Analysis of Fresh Water for Trace Elements by ICP‐MS 9.2 Determination of Pt in Soil Samples by GFAAS 9.3 Determination of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by GC/MS 9.4 Analysis of Explosives by HPLC/UV 10 Perspective References
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) allow user-friendly and portable chemical determinations, although they provide limited applicability due to insufficient sensitivity. Several approaches have been proposed to address poor sensitivity in μPADs, but they frequently require bulky equipment for power and/or read-outs. Universal serial buses (USB) are an attractive alternative to less portable power sources and are currently available in many common electronic devices. Here, USB-powered μPADs (USB μPADs) are proposed as a fusion of both technologies to improve performance without adding instrumental complexity. Two ITP USB μPADs were developed, both powered by a 5 V potential provided through standard USB ports. The first device was fabricated using the origami approach. Its operation was analyzed experimentally and numerically, yielding a two-order-of-magnitude sample focusing in 15 min. The second ITP USB μPAD is a novel design, which was numerically prototyped with the aim of handling larger sample volumes. The reservoirs were moved away from the ITP channel and capillary action was used to drive the sample and electrolytes to the separation zone, predicting 25-fold sample focusing in 10 min. USB μPADs are expected to be adopted by minimally-trained personnel in sensitive areas like resource-limited settings, the point-of-care and in emergencies.
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