Analytical electron microscopy study of surface layers formed on the French SON68 nuclear waste glass during vapor hydration at 200°C

Phosphate speciation in sodium borosilicate glasses studied by nuclear magnetic resonance

“…Phosphorus also influences the devitrification and crystallization of glasses, and it is known as an important nucleating component [15]. P 2 O 5 is always present in minor quantities in nuclear waste glass compositions [16], hence the phosphorus speciation and solubility has to be controlled in order to avoid problems with undesirable devitrification phenomena.…”

Modelling the alteration gel composition of simplified borosilicate glasses by precipitation of an ideal solid solution in equilibrium with the leachant

“…Once the network hydrolysis rate becomes faster than the alkali/boron diffusion rate, the dissolution becomes congruent (second step). At the third step, secondary alteration products (the amorphous gel and mineral phases) form and the glass dissolution becomes incongruent again [2,3,8,9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. As the reaction proceeds, the glass matrix dissolution rate decreases, due to the accumulation of dissolved glass constituents in the solution.…”

“….) allow one to simulate the sequence of precipitation of minerals [3,18,25,27,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]78,80,81]. However, they do not take into account the formation of the amorphous alteration gel nor the kinetic aspect of glass dissolution.…”

Long-term weathering rate of stained-glass windows using H and O isotopes

“…Recent studies carried out on nuclear glass in the presence of water vapor have highlighted the significant impact of vapor on glass alteration with substantial hydration depth and secondary phases precipitation. 13,15,[27][28][29] Nevertheless, it seems that there is no study assessing the role of the altered layer under these conditions. This question has also to be addressed in the case of stained-glass windows that are submitted to alternating saturated and unsaturated conditions for several centuries.…”