Analytical methodologies for atomic spectrometric determination of metallic oxides in UV sunscreen creams

Salvador, Amparo; Pascual-Martí, M. C.; Adell, Joaquin; Requeni, A.; March, J.G.

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00286-1

Cited by 132 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Using this technique, a LOD of 0.2 g/ml was obtained. A mineralized titanium solution set was also analyzed by inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy [12] (data not shown) as a control of the colorimetric method, and a good correlation was found between the 2 methods. TiO 2 Analysis: TEM Punch biopsies of 6 mm in diameter were made on skin samples, consecutively after 1, 8 and 15 tape strippings (see 'Tape Stripping' section above for stripping procedure), and were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde in a Sorensen buffer (0.1 M , pH = 7.4) for 1 h and washed with the same buffer for 12 h. They were then postfixed with 1% OsO 4 in a Sorensen buffer (0.05 M) and saccharose (0.25 M) for 1 h. The samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series until ethanol 100° and then with propylene oxide.…”

Section: Tio 2 Analysis: Colorimetric Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Percutaneous Absorption and in vivo Stratum Corneum Distribution of an Organic and a Mineral Sunscreen

Mavon

Miquel

Lejeune

et al. 2006

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

182

114

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Sunscreens, whose main function is to protect the skin against the harmful effects of solar irradiation, should remain at the skin surface or impregnate the first layers of the stratum corneum only and not penetrate into the underlying living tissue. The goal of this work was to assess the penetration of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and methylene bis-benzotriazoyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT), included in a broad-spectrum sunscreen formulation, into human skin in vivo, using the tape stripping method, and in vitro, using a compartmental approach. An additional objective was to propose an easy and minimally invasive approach to determining the percutaneous uptake of sunscreens following topical application. TiO₂ and MBBT were quantified using colorimetric assay and HPLC analysis, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy and particle-induced X-ray emission techniques were used to localize the TiO₂ in skin sections.More than 90% of both sunscreens was recovered in the first 15 tape strippings. In addition we have shown that the remaining 10% did not penetrate the viable tissue, but was localized in the furrows and in the opened infundibulum. Less than 0.1% of MBBT was detected in the receptor medium, and no TiO₂ was detected in the follicle, viable epidermis or dermis. Thus, this in vivo and in vitro penetration study showed an absence of TiO₂ penetration into the viable skin layers through either transcorneal or transfollicular pathways and negligible transcutaneous absorption of MBBT. However, differences in distribution within the stratum corneum reinforced the need for a complementary approach, using minimally invasive in vivo methodology and in vitro compartmental analysis.This combination represents a well-adapted method for testing the safety of topically applied sunscreen formulations in real-life conditions.

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Section: Tio 2 Analysis: Colorimetric Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Percutaneous Absorption and in vivo Stratum Corneum Distribution of an Organic and a Mineral Sunscreen

Mavon

Miquel

Lejeune

et al. 2006

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

182

114

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“…Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanomaterials are the most widely used semiconductor in many applications such as energy storages, sensors, photovoltaics and photo-catalysis [1] because of its unique photoelectric properties, high chemical stability, low cost and environmental friendly [2][3][4][5][6]. However, photo-catalytic performance of TiO 2 is relatively low due to fast recombination of electron-hole pairs and narrow light response range [7] compare to noble metal modified TiO 2 which has been proved to be very effective in overcoming this drawback [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization of Cu, N co-doped TiO2 microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Liu¹,

Zou²,

Hakala³

et al. 2017

Adv Mater Sci

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The mesoporous Copper, nitrogen co-doped TiO 2 microspheres was prepared via solvothermal approach, followed by nitriding treatment under an ammonia gas flow. The crystalline structures of the as-prepared catalyst and the chemical compositions of Cu,N co-doped TiO 2 were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared sample was investigated by monitoring the degradation of Rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation.Experimental results indicated that mesoporous Cu,N co-doped TiO 2 microspheres showed higher photocatalytic activity than Cu-TiO 2 microspheres and anatase TiO 2 under visible light irradiation. The higher photocatalytic activity of the mesoporous Cu,N co-doped TiO 2 microspheres sample could be attributed to the synergistic effects of large BET surface area, extended light absorption, efficient charge separation which was stabilized by the presence of oxygen vacancies. It was discovered that, valence states maintain stability after nitriding treatment. The sample synthesized from 0.1% molar quantity of Cu dopant, and nitrided at 400℃ for 30 min gave the highest photocatalytic activity.

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“…Since its commercial production in the early twentieth century, it has been widely used as a pigment [1], sunscreens [2,3], paints [4], toothpaste [5], etc. Titanium dioxide occurs mainly in three crystalline forms: rutile, anatase and brookite.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigments based on Cr and Sb doped TiO 2 prepared by microemulsion-mediated solvothermal synthesis for inkjet printing on ceramics

et al. 2015

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Nanoparticles of the ceramic pigment with composition Ti 0.97 Cr 0.015 Sb 0.015 O 2 were prepared by microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method at 180 ºC. Anatase or rutile single phase was obtained depending on the synthesis conditions. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed the formation of nanospheres with particle size around 600 nm. The anatase to rutile transformation temperature was determined by Raman spectroscopy. The evolution of the colour was studied, and it was related with the polymorphic transition. Yellow nanopigments were obtained at low temperature and huge orange colour was observed at high temperature. Nanopigments prepared at 180 ºC were tested with an industrial frit. Similar chromatic coordinates of an industrial orange ceramic pigment obtained at high temperatures were observed. -potential values of the nanoparticles were  -57 mV. The size, shape, colour and electrostatic stability of these nanoparticles make them potential candidates to be applied in glazes or inkjet printers as orange ceramic pigments.

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Analytical methodologies for atomic spectrometric determination of metallic oxides in UV sunscreen creams

Cited by 132 publications

References 13 publications

In vitro Percutaneous Absorption and in vivo Stratum Corneum Distribution of an Organic and a Mineral Sunscreen

In vitro Percutaneous Absorption and in vivo Stratum Corneum Distribution of an Organic and a Mineral Sunscreen

Synthesis, characterization of Cu, N co-doped TiO2 microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Pigments based on Cr and Sb doped TiO 2 prepared by microemulsion-mediated solvothermal synthesis for inkjet printing on ceramics

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