Analytical methods assessment for exchangeable cations analysis in soil: MIP OES appraisement

Modern instrumentation and practical application of flame atomic emission spectrometry

“…To determine the content of nutrients using the FAES method, soil samples are treated with ammonium acetate [98][99][100][101][102][103], and plant samples are treated with acids (either one (HClO4), or a mixture of two (HNO3 + HClO4) or three (HNO3 + H2SO4 + HClO4) acids) [104], ultrasonic radiation [105] or subjected to extraction with a mixture of solutions of ammonium acetate -magnesium acetate [106], HCl solution [106][107][108], or water (since potassium in plant tissues is not bound to organic compounds and is in a soluble form) [109,110]. Issues related to the determination of analytical elements in soil hydrolysates, soil extracts and soil solutions are discussed in sufficient detail in the book [111].…”

Microwave-Sustained Inductively Coupled Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma (MICAP) for the Elemental Analysis of Complex Matrix Samples

“…In addition, one of the most attractive features of current MIP-OES instrumentation is the use of either nitrogen or air for plasma generation, thus reducing significantly operating costs with regard ICP-OES which requires argon instead. Therefore, MIP-OES instruments have been successfully applied for the analysis of samples of very different composition (environmental [3,4], clinical [5], food [6,7], beverages [8], petrochemical [9,10], and ethanol-containing samples [11], among others). For a detailed description of the state-of-the-art readers are referred to the reviews by Muller et al [1] and Fontoura et al [2].…”

“…to overcome them are limited. It must be considered that even though previous fundamental studies about matrix effects by saline matrices in MICAP-OES have provided a better knowledge of this system [21,27] they cannot be directly extrapolated to routine applications because the concentrations tested are not comparable to those usually employed for real sample preparation [4,13]. Consequently further studies on this regard are required if the MICAP is going to be applied for the analysis of real samples showing complex matrices [13,16].…”