Analytical pyrolysis and semicontinuous catalytic hydropyrolysis of Organocell lignin

Meier, Dietrich; Berns, J.; Grünwald, C.; Faix, O.

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(93)80053-3

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The partial hydrogen pressure had a significant influence on the conversion. Similar results were obtained during hydrotreatment of organocell lignin with an increase of light oil from 20 to 57 wt-% and of the phenolic fraction from 7 to 12.3 wt-% when the hydrogen pressure was increased from 5 to 14 MPa [76]. Oasmaa and Johansson [77] also achieved an oil yield of 61 wt-% on hydrotreatment of kraft lignin at a hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa in the presence of a water-soluble molybdenum catalyst.…”

Section: Catalytic Molecular Hydrogensupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The presence of hydrogen suppresses the formation of char. Thring and Breau [37] observed that the addition of hydrogen to a pressure of 1 MPa increased the net conversion, reducing the residue from 40 wt-% to a significantly lower value of 11 wt-%, while Meier et al [76] obtained a reduction from 32 to 1.9 % after increasing the pressure from 5 to 14 MPa.…”

Section: Catalytic Molecular Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods

2010

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The structure of lignin suggests that it can be a valuable source of chemicals, particularly phenolics. However, lignin depolymerization with selective bond cleavage is the major challenge for converting it into value-added chemicals. Pyrolysis (thermolysis), gasification, hydrogenolysis, chemical oxidation, and hydrolysis under supercritical conditions are the major thermochemical methods studied with regard to lignin depolymerization. Pyrolytic oil and syngases are the primary products obtained from pyrolysis and gasification. A significant amount of char is also produced during pyrolysis. Thermal treatment in a hydrogen environment seems very promising for converting lignin to liquid fuel and chemicals like phenols, while oxidation can produce phenolic aldehydes. Reaction severity, solvents, and catalysts are the factors of prime importance that control yield and composition of the product. IntroductionThe depleting stocks of fossil fuels and the growing concern over the excessive emission of greenhouse gases have forced researchers to investigate renewable, abundant and comparably cleaner alternatives to liquid fuels and chemicals produced from petroleum [1][2][3]. Biomass appears to be a promising alternative and a renewable source for fuels and chemicals. Significant achievements have already been made in the production of ethanol fuel from biomass, primarily starch and sugarrich components. However, research on second-generation bioethanol is focused on a more abundant [4,5] and often relatively cheap [6][7][8] biomass feedstock known as lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of three basic components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose consisting of parts with crystalline structure and parts with amorphous structure [9], while hemicellulose is an amorphous, heterogeneously branched polymer of pentoses and hexoses, mainly xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. Lignin is an amorphous and highly branched polymer of phenylpropane units, which can account for up to 40 % of the dry biomass weight [10]. The concept of a biorefinery that integrates processes and technologies for biomass conversion demands efficient utilization of all three components [11]. Most of the biorefinery schemes, however, are focused on utilizing easily convertible fractions while lignin remains relatively underutilized to its potential [11]. The lignocellulosics-to-ethanol process makes use of the cellulose and hemicelluloses, leaving lignin as waste. In addition, pulp and paper refineries also generate huge amounts of lignin. Presently, lignin is being utilized as a low-grade boiler fuel to provide heat and power to the process [3]. However, the chemical structure of lignin suggests that it may be a good source of valuable chemicals if it could be broken into smaller molecular units [7].Several studies have been done to convert lignin to more value-added products. These include attempts to convert lignin to liquid fuel additives and commercially important chem...

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Section: Catalytic Molecular Hydrogensupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Catalytic Molecular Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods

2010

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“…Primarily, these analyses focus on selected compounds or groups of compounds. Bench-scale rigs have been used extensively to analyse the complete range of pyrolysis products in one run [12][13][14]. These preparative methods work very well and give comprehensive process and product information, but are more complex and time consuming in comparison to small-scale analytical units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-pyrolysis of technical lignins in a new modular rig and product analysis by GC–MS/FID and GC×GC–TOFMS/FID

Windt¹,

Meier²,

Marsman

et al. 2009

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…The complex oil mixture formed during catalytic hydropyrolysis is analogous to the bio-oil formed during pyrolysis. However, there is a lower oxygen content in catalytic hydropyrolysis oil, which makes it more stable than pyrolysis bio-oil [114,115]. Incorporating transitional metals into HZSM-5 was beneficial because the bifunctional catalyst has both deoxygenation and hydrogenation abilities.…”

Section: Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Isolated Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and Utilization of Lignin Monomers as Part of the Biorefinery Approach

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Lignin is a substantial component of lignocellulosic biomass but is under-utilized relative to the cellulose and hemicellulose components. Historically, lignin has been burned as a source of process heat, but this heat is usually in excess of the process energy demands. Current models indicate that development of an economically competitive biorefinery system requires adding value to lignin beyond process heat. This addition of value, also known as lignin valorization, requires economically viable processes for separating the lignin from the other biomass components, depolymerizing the lignin into monomeric subunits, and then upgrading these monomers to a value-added product. The fact that lignin's biological role is to provide biomass with structural integrity means that this heteropolymer can be difficult to depolymerize. However, there are chemical and biological routes to upgrade lignin from its native form to compounds of industrial value. Here we review the historical background and current technology of (thermo) chemical depolymerization of lignin; the natural ability of microbial enzymes and pathways to utilize lignin, the current prospecting work to find novel microbial routes to lignin degradation, and some applications of these microbial enzymes and pathways; and the current chemical and biological technologies to upgrade lignin-derived monomers.

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Analytical pyrolysis and semicontinuous catalytic hydropyrolysis of Organocell lignin

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods

Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods

Micro-pyrolysis of technical lignins in a new modular rig and product analysis by GC–MS/FID and GC×GC–TOFMS/FID

Recovery and Utilization of Lignin Monomers as Part of the Biorefinery Approach

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