Analytical studies on the carbohydrates of grasses and clovers. V.—Development of a method for the estimation of cell‐wall polysaccharides

Harwood, V. D.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740050603

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In this manner 7 groups are obtained: 1) monosaccharides, 2) di-, and oligosaccharides. 3) fructosan, 4) starch.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions

Salo

1961

AFSci

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Very few research workers have published analytical data on several individual carbohydrates or groups of carbohydrates in a certain vegetable material. Ekelund (1949) ExperimentalThe present work describes the determination of carbohydrates as the following fractions: 1) monosaccharides, 2) di-, and oligosaccharides, 3) fructosan, 4) starch.5) hemicellulose, 6) cellulose, and 7) uronides. The first six groups are determined successively on the same sample, and the final residue of the treatments is considered to be lignin. The purpose of this work was to develop a system of analysis with which the fractionation performed would involve only a moderate amount of work. In addition to the above mentioned fractionation the following determinations have been made: crude fat, crude protein, ash, and nitrogen-and carbohydrate-free organic matter soluble in cold water. In an alternative system monosaccharides, sucrose, and fructosan are determined as a group. This paper gives only the outlines of the study since it will be described later in greater detail. MethodsMono-, di-, and oligosaccharides.A sample of 1 g is extracted with 80 % ethanol in the Soxhlet apparatus for five hours. The ethanol is removed under reduced pressure at 25-30°, and the residue is filtered through a filter paper and washed with water. The volume is adjusted to 100 ml (or 200 ml). 50 ml of the filtrate is purified and deionized by shaking it mechanically with a mixture of Duolite A-7 and Duolite C-3 (2 g of each resin) for an hcur. The purified filtrate is analyzed

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“…In this manner 7 groups are obtained: 1) monosaccharides, 2) di-, and oligosaccharides. 3) fructosan, 4) starch.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions

Salo

1961

AFSci

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“…They found the lignin method to be reasonably reproducible, but the gravimetric cellulose method to be more variable. In 1954, Harwood ( 32 ) analyzed grasses and clovers by prehydrolyzing them in 1 N (4.76 wt %) sulfuric acid to remove most of the pentosans. The remaining solids were hydrolyzed in 72 wt %/1 N sulfuric acid for the analysis of the cellulose-rich solids.…”

Section: Wood Lignin Methods Applied To Herbaceous Feedstocks (1930−1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 1. Review and Description of Methods

Sluiter

Ruiz

Scarlata

et al. 2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

1,631

1,562

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As interest in lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for conversion into transportation fuels grows, the summative compositional analysis of biomass, or plant-derived material, becomes ever more important. The sulfuric acid hydrolysis of biomass has been used to measure lignin and structural carbohydrate content for more than 100 years. Researchers have applied these methods to measure the lignin and structural carbohydrate contents of woody materials, estimate the nutritional value of animal feed, analyze the dietary fiber content of human food, compare potential biofuels feedstocks, and measure the efficiency of biomass-to-biofuels processes. The purpose of this paper is to review the history and lineage of biomass compositional analysis methods based on a sulfuric acid hydrolysis. These methods have become the de facto procedure for biomass compositional analysis. The paper traces changes to the biomass compositional analysis methods through time to the biomass methods currently used at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The current suite of laboratory analytical procedures (LAPs) offered by NREL is described, including an overview of the procedures and methodologies and some common pitfalls. Suggestions are made for continuing improvement to the suite of analyses.

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“…Hydrolysis of the polysaccharides was based on the two-stage treatment recommended by Harwood (1954). Hydrolysis of the polysaccharides was based on the two-stage treatment recommended by Harwood (1954).…”

Section: (C) Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Composition of the Wood ofGnetum gnemon

Melvin¹,

Stewart²

1969

Holzforschung

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Bd. 23 (1969) H. 2 J. F. Melvin and Ch. M. Stewart, The Chemical Composition of the Wood of Gnetum gnemon irritant action. However, some samples of ayan have been encountered which contain little or no distemonanthin, but substantial quantities of the irritant oxyayanin-B which appeared in the ether extract (King et al., 1954). Thus the potential of ayan for sensitisation may be associated with a small proportion of the timber which is of the latter type.The examples quoted show how a knowledge of the distribution of extractives within the wood structure can help in understanding better their effect on some wood properties. However, why some should be laid down in the cell wall, and others remain in the cell cavity, is a question to be answered when the mechanism of the formation of heartwood substances is better understood. ReferencesEr d t m an, H.

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Analytical studies on the carbohydrates of grasses and clovers. V.—Development of a method for the estimation of cell‐wall polysaccharides

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions

Determination of carbohydrates in animal foods as seven fractions

Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 1. Review and Description of Methods

The Chemical Composition of the Wood ofGnetum gnemon

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