Analyzing and predicting the relation between air–fuel ratio (AFR), lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles using versatile and portable emissions measurement system tool

Abstract

Reducing vehicles exhaust emissions pollution associated with gasoline combustion become growing interest locally and global-wide. To satisfy the exhaust gas emissions rules and regulations it is very significant and critical for gasoline internal combustion engines to have an accurate control of air-fuel ratio (AFR). Therefore, studying the relationship between the AFR, lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions of gasoline-fueled vehicles is very important and necessary. A sensitive and detailed analysis conducted to analyze and predict the relationship between the AFR, lambda (λ) and the exhaust emissions percentages and values of gasoline-fueled vehicles. The results of the study provides better understating to the relation between AFR, lambda (λ) and the gasoline-fueled vehicles exhaust emissions percentages and values, because it is connecting the actual field measurements and results with theoretical relation between AFR, lambda (λ) and the gasoline-fueled vehicles exhaust emissions percentages and values. Also as a part of this study results, significant relations determined between the studied variables in the form of polynomial and linear equations with high accuracy, which helps in understanding the relationship between the studied variables and determining the values of some of the variables if the others were known.

Perovskite Catalyst for In-Cylinder Coating to Reduce Raw Pollutant Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines

“…Comparing stoichiometric (AFR = 1) and lean (AFR = 1.7) engine operation with the uncoated adapter, it can be observed that the unburned fuel hydrocarbons (C 2 H 5 OH, C 5 H 12 , C 4 H 10 ) significantly increase at lean engine operation, while the intermediate hydrocarbon species (C 2 H 2 , C 6 H 6 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) decrease with lean engine operation. This can also be observed for the raw emissions of an SI engine. − By applying an LSCO layer of 60 μm to the valve adapter, a significant reduction of the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide can be observed for lean and stoichiometric operation (see Figure ).…”

Catalytic Converters for Vehicle Exhaust: Fundamental Aspects and Technology Overview for Newcomers to the Field

“…The stoichiometric air to fuel ratio, also defined as λ = 1, where λ is defined as the air/fuel equivalence ratio, is when all three pollutants can be converted [14]. A mathematical relationship can be used to define the air/fuel equivalence ratio [60]. λ = AFR AFR stoichio (7) where AFR is the actual air/fuel ratio, and AFR Stoichio is the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.…”

“…λ = AFR AFR stoichio (7) where AFR is the actual air/fuel ratio, and AFR Stoichio is the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Rich air-fuel mixtures have λ < 1, and lean air/fuel mixtures have λ > 1 [60].…”

Effect of the Design Parameters of the Combustion Chamber on the Efficiency of a Thermal Oxidizer

“…On the contrary, an EA ratio above 0.79 lowers NOx emissions and increases CO and SO 2 . Al-Arkawazi [6] studied the effect of the air-fuel ratio and lambda (λ) on the exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines and provided a curve of direct relationship between them.…”