Analyzing and Understanding Lipids of Yeast: A Challenging Endeavor

Kohlwein, Sepp D.

doi:10.1101/pdb.top078956

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In this study, we determined that the most common lipids of these strains are TAG, sterols, diglycerides, FAs, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ceramides, sphingomyelin, acylcarnitine, and lysophospholipids. The lipid composition was similar to that of S. cerevisiae (Kohlwein, 2017 ). Furthermore, we cannot exclude the possibility that other lipid classes are present but were left undetected due to the currently used methods of extraction on stationary grown cells (e.g., PI would be subject to future research).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

Ramírez

Amézquita

Jaramillo

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Malassezia yeasts are lipid dependent and part of the human and animal skin microbiome. However, they are also associated with a variety of dermatological conditions and even cause systemic infections. How these yeasts can live as commensals on the skin and switch to a pathogenic stage has long been a matter of debate. Lipids are important cellular molecules, and understanding the lipid metabolism and composition of Malassezia species is crucial to comprehending their biology and host–microbe interaction. Here, we investigated the lipid composition of Malassezia strains grown to the stationary phase in a complex Dixon medium broth. In this study, we perform a lipidomic analysis of a subset of species; in addition, we conducted a gene prediction analysis for the detection of lipid metabolic proteins. We identified 18 lipid classes and 428 lipidic compounds. The most commonly found lipids were triglycerides (TAG), sterol (CH), diglycerides (DG), fatty acids (FAs), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ceramides, cholesteryl ester (CE), sphingomyelin (SM), acylcarnitine, and lysophospholipids. Particularly, we found a low content of CEs in Malassezia furfur , atypical M. furfur , and Malassezia pachydermatis and undetectable traces of these components in Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta , and Malassezia sympodialis . Remarkably, uncommon lipids in yeast, like diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and FA esters of hydroxyl FAs, were found in a variable concentration in these Malassezia species. The latter are bioactive lipids recently reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The results obtained can be used to discriminate different Malassezia species and offer a new overview of the lipid composition of these yeasts. We could confirm the presence and the absence of certain lipid-biosynthesis genes in specific species. Further analyses are necessary to continue disclosing the complex lipidome of Malassezia species and the impact of the lipid metabolism in connection with the host interaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…CE represents cholesteryl ester the species. similar to that of S. cerevisiae (Kohlwein, 2017). Furthermore, we cannot exclude the possibility that other lipid classes are present but were left undetected due to the currently used methods of extraction on stationary grown cells (e.g., PI would be subject to future research).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

Ramírez

Amézquita

Jaramillo

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…We next investigated the functional role of sterols for IL tolerance in Y. lipolytica because i) the sterol biosynthesis pathway was perturbed in untargeted omics analysis, ii) sterols (e.g., cholesterol) can impede cation-insertion into the membrane (48), and iii) sterols greatly influence membrane fluidity (55, 56). In IL, we observed ~2 fold increase ( p = 0.013) in ergosterol content of YlCW001 over the wildtype strain (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the wildtype, YlCW001 is more robust because it adapts to produce more sterols, e.g., ergosterol upon IL-exposure (Fig. 5D), that function to maintain membrane fluidity and stability (55). This novel phenotype is evidenced by a significant upregulation of sterol biosynthesis genes (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional Solvent Tolerance inYarrowia lipolyticaIs Enhanced by Sterols

Walker

Ryu

Trinh

2018

Preprint

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7Microbial biocatalysis in organic solvents such as ionic liquids (ILs) is attractive for making fuels and transcriptomics to elucidate this unique phenotype, we discovered that both wildtype Y. 19lipolytica and YlCW001 reconfigured membrane composition (e.g., glycerophospholipids and 20 sterols) and cell wall structure (e.g., chitin) under IL-stressful environments. By probing the steroid 21 pathway at transcriptomic, enzymatic, and metabolic levels, we validated that sterols (i.e.,

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“…Its concentration in plant samples is indicative of fungal growth and used to estimate fungal biomass associated with plant litter (Frainer & McKie, 2015;Gulis, Kuehn, & Suberkropp, 2009). Additionally, MIPC, a sphingolipid identified in the lipidomics data, is a fungal lipid commonly found in yeast (Kohlwein, 2017). however, this abundance of nitrogen could signify a nutrient pool available for nitrogen fixation in these ecosystems.…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms Analysis Of the Chloroform Layer (Lipidomics)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted metabolomic profiling ofSphagnum fallaxreveals novel antimicrobial metabolites

et al. 2019

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Sphagnum mosses dominate peatlands by employing harsh ecosystem tactics to prevent vascular plant growth and microbial degradation of these large carbon stores. Knowledge about Sphagnum‐produced metabolites, their structure and their function, is important to better understand the mechanisms, underlying this carbon sequestration phenomenon in the face of climate variability. It is currently unclear which compounds are responsible for inhibition of organic matter decomposition and the mechanisms by which this inhibition occurs. Metabolite profiling of Sphagnum fallax was performed using two types of mass spectrometry (MS) systems and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Lipidome profiling was performed using LC‐MS/MS. A total of 655 metabolites, including one hundred fifty‐two lipids, were detected by NMR and LC‐MS/MS—329 of which were novel metabolites (31 unknown lipids). Sphagum fallax metabolite profile was composed mainly of acid‐like and flavonoid glycoside compounds, that could be acting as potent antimicrobial compounds, allowing Sphagnum to control its environment. Sphagnum fallax metabolite composition comparison against previously known antimicrobial plant metabolites confirmed this trend, with seventeen antimicrobial compounds discovered to be present in Sphagnum fallax, the majority of which were acids and glycosides. Biological activity of these compounds needs to be further tested to confirm antimicrobial qualities. Three fungal metabolites were identified providing insights into fungal colonization that may benefit Sphagnum. Characterizing the metabolite profile of Sphagnum fallax provided a baseline to understand the mechanisms in which Sphagnum fallax acts on its environment, its relation to carbon sequestration in peatlands, and provide key biomarkers to predict peatland C store changes (sequestration, emissions) as climate shifts.

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Analyzing and Understanding Lipids of Yeast: A Challenging Endeavor

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

Analysis of Malassezia Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids

Exceptional Solvent Tolerance inYarrowia lipolyticaIs Enhanced by Sterols

Untargeted metabolomic profiling ofSphagnum fallaxreveals novel antimicrobial metabolites

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