Analyzing Land Use Pattern Changes in Mukim Pengerang, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract

Urbanization and urban land-use transition have a competitive environment to ensure and provide good facilities for citizen benefit. The landscape patterns resulting from urbanization effect processes at local, regional, and global scales. Quantifying the spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization is important for understanding its ecological impacts and can provide basic information for appropriate decision-making. The growth of urbanization in Mukim Pengerang, Johor, has undergone rapid changes in agriculture, settlements, townships and various activities. The changes of land use take place in Mukim Pengerang due to the rapid economic development, especially in industrializations which are Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project and Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex (PIPC). The industrialization boosts the growth in land property and commercial which progressing in rapid development since the year 2012, in resulting whether it can give good, bad or both impact to the human and surrounding. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to quantify the changes in landscape pattern or land use pattern between the year 2008 and 2017 occurred in Mukim Pengerang. In monitoring the spatial pattern changes, and the changes of landscape structure, the metrics landscape were analyzed with determination of the Shanon Diversity Index (SHDI), the number of patches (NP), Edge Density (ED) and Total Edge (TE) in the period of 8 years. The results show that the changes occurred with the three types of land use showed significant changes in the types of land use which are forest, agricultural and built-up area. The result of SHDI analysis shows the increment value between the year 2008 and 2017. This situation illustrates that the higher value of SHDI for an area, resulting in the higher level of land use. This is because the growing pattern of land use is reflected by a large number of patches due to the diversification of land use activities in the area. As a result, from the metrics statistics test verifies there was a significant change in land use that took place within 8 years.

Inclusive Regional Development: A Case Study of Pengerang Region in Johor Malaysia

“…The area saw an increase of investments and development over the past few years, which are sourced from the Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex (PIPC) (Rohani et al, 2019). Its boundary touches Tanjung Surat from the North and Pantai Timorn from the Western side, whereas it is surrounded by sea from its Southern side (Che Man & Salihin, 2018). Figure 2 shows a map of the study area.…”

“…Many KEJORA staff, who previously worked at a temporary KEJORA office in Johor Bahru, moved to the town in 1991 when the office was shifted to Bandar Penawar (Ngah & Saad, 2015). Moreover, During the period 1990-1999, four secondary schools were established, including one secondary school, two secondary boarding schools, and a sport school (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Che Man & Salihin, 2018). Furthermore, during 2000-2010, four higher education institutions were established with total enrolment of more than 3,000 students.…”

“…With the strategic location of shipping lanes from the Middle East-Singapore-China and being adjacent to Singapore, it will be a big step in creating value for the downstream oil and gas value via petrochemical refining industry in Johor and Malaysia (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Ngah, 2015;Zahid & Nasir, 2016;Rahman, 2018;Rohani et al, 2019). Then, the PIPC began in 2011 as the Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project, in response to the realization that gas resources in Peninsular Malaysia were finite, limiting the growth of the gas-based petrochemical industry (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Zahid & Nasir, 2016;Rahman, 2018;Che Man & Salihin, 2018). PIPC is a mega project planned under the Malaysia's National Key Economic Areas (NKEA), including several parts: The Pengerang Integrated Complex (PIC), Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project, other ancillary facilities, Independent Deepwater Petroleum Terminal (PIDPT), and Pengerang Maritime Industrial Park (PMIP) (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Zahid & Nasir, 2016;Che Man & Salihin, 2018;Rahman, 2018;Rohani et al, 2019).…”

“…Then, the PIPC began in 2011 as the Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project, in response to the realization that gas resources in Peninsular Malaysia were finite, limiting the growth of the gas-based petrochemical industry (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Zahid & Nasir, 2016;Rahman, 2018;Che Man & Salihin, 2018). PIPC is a mega project planned under the Malaysia's National Key Economic Areas (NKEA), including several parts: The Pengerang Integrated Complex (PIC), Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) project, other ancillary facilities, Independent Deepwater Petroleum Terminal (PIDPT), and Pengerang Maritime Industrial Park (PMIP) (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Zahid & Nasir, 2016;Che Man & Salihin, 2018;Rahman, 2018;Rohani et al, 2019). Besides, within the PIPC, land parcels allocated for the downstream industries and related infrastructures also exist.…”

“…Besides, within the PIPC, land parcels allocated for the downstream industries and related infrastructures also exist. Outside the PIPC areas, a few townships are also being proposed to accommodate the workers and populations generated from the projects, including a township for the resettlement of the villages affected by the PIPC project (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Zahid & Nasir, 2016;Che Man & Salihin, 2018;Rahman, 2018). The expectation exists that PIPC creates 50,000 new jobs opportunities throughout its development process, and it will generate 4,000 new jobs upon completion (Ngah & Saad, 2015;Ngah, 2015;Zahid & Nasir, 2016).…”