Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection rates in questing and host-attached ticks: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Karshima, Solomon Ngutor; Ahmed, Musa Isiyaku; Kogi, Cecilia Asabe; Iliya, Paul Sambo

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106299

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Although cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis [ 5 , 46 , 47 ] and the presence of its DNA in D. reticulatus have been reported [ 29 , 43 ], we have not confirmed the occurrence of this pathogen in the population of ticks in the recreational areas of Gołdap. This may be related to the general level of their infection, which may vary locally from 0.91 to 14.40% in Poland and from 0.4 to 20% and more in other European countries [ 43 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk of Exposure to Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a Spa Town in Northern Poland

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk of human exposure to tick-borne infection in a recreation areas in a spa town located in northern Poland. Questing Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected in the spring of 2018. Tick-borne microorganisms were detected by PCR. Species were identified based on RFLP and the sequencing of DNA. In total, 38.3% of the ticks (34.6% of I. ricinus and 48.6% of D. reticulatus) were infected. The prevalence was 14.9% for Borrelia spp., 10.6% for Babesia spp. and 17.7% for Rickettsia spp. No Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected. Spirochaetes B. afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi s.s. were detected only in I. ricinus ticks (20.2%). The differences in the infection rates of Babesia spp. between I. ricinus (7.7%) and D. reticulatus (18.9%) were not significant. DNA of B. canis and B. venatorum were identified in both tick species. B. microti were detected in D. reticulatus ticks. The prevalence of Rickettsia spp. was significantly higher in D. reticulatus (37.8%) than that in I. ricinus (10.6%). R. raoultii was identified only in D. reticulatus and R. helvetica in I. ricinus. Co-infections of at least two pathogens were recognized in 13% of positive ticks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk of Exposure to Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a Spa Town in Northern Poland

et al. 2022

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“…Based on these nine questions of the JBI checklist, we scored articles 0, 1 or NA for having no, yes or not applicable response to a question. With slight modifications adopted from Karshima et al [ 18 ], we grouped articles with total score ranges of 0–3 as having high risk of bias, 4–6 as having moderate risk and 7–9 as having low risk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Africa-wide meta-analysis on the prevalence and distribution of human cystic echinococcosis and canine Echinococcus granulosus infections

et al. 2022

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Background Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis of increasing public health concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 19,300 lives and 871,000 disability-adjusted life-years are lost globally each year because of cystic echinococcosis. Annual costs associated with cystic echinococcosis were estimated at US$ 3 billion because of treatment of cases and losses in the livestock industry. Methods We performed the random-effects model of meta-analysis using 51-year (1970–2021) data available from AJOL, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. We also applied the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal instrument for studies reporting prevalence data, the Cochran’s Q-test, Egger’s regression test and the single study deletion technique to respectively examine within-study bias, heterogeneity, across-study bias and sensitivity. Results Thirty-nine eligible studies on human cystic echinococcosis (HCE) from 13 countries across the five African sub-regions showed an overall prevalence of 1.7% (95% CI 1.1, 2.6) with a statistically significant (P < 0.001) sub-group range of 0.0% (95% CI 0.0, 14.1) to 11.0% (95% CI 7.6, 15.7). Highest prevalences were observed in Eastern Africa (2.7%; 95% CI 1.4, 5.4) by sub-region and Sudan (49.6%; 95% 41.2, 58.1) by country. Another set of 42 studies on Echinococcus granulosus infections (EGI) in dogs from 14 countries across the five African sub-regions revealed an overall prevalence of 16.9% (95% CI 12.7, 22.3) with a significant (P < 0.001) variation of 0.4 (95% CI 0.0, 5.9) to 35.8% (95% CI 25.4, 47.8) across sub-groups. Highest prevalences of E. granulosus were observed in North Africa (25.6%; 95% CI 20.4, 31.6) by sub-region and Libya (9.2%; 95% CI 5.7, 13.9) by country. Conclusion Human cystic echinococcosis and EGI are respectively prevalent among Africans and African dogs. We recommend a holistic control approach that targets humans, livestock, dogs and the environment, which all play roles in disease transmission. This approach should involve strategic use of anthelminthics in animals, standardized veterinary meat inspection in abattoirs, control of stray dogs to reduce environmental contamination and proper environmental sanitation. Mass screening of humans in hyper-endemic regions will also encourage early detection and treatment. Graphical abstract

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“…The significance of D. reticulatus as a vector of A. phagocytophlium —the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) 44 also seems to be insignificant. A meta-analysis of the prevalence and distribution of A. phagocytophilum in tick vectors conducted by Karshim 45 showed that the overall level of infection with this pathogen in questing D. reticulatus ticks is very low (0.42%). The current results (0.3%) correspond with the results of other studies on questing D. reticulatus ticks belonging to the East European population (0.7–3%) 30 , 33 , 46 – 48 and confirmed that fact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne pathogens in questing adults Dermacentor reticulatus from the Eastern European population (north-eastern Poland)

Kubiak,

Szymańska,

Dziekońska-Rynko

et al. 2024

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Dermacentor reticulatus is tick species with an expanding geographical range in Europe, which creates the possibility of spreading microorganisms of significant veterinary and medical importance. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in adult D. reticulatus ticks from the Eastern European population in the urban and the natural biotopes of north-eastern Poland. Microorganisms were detected by PCR and identified by DNA sequencing. The overall infection rate of at least one of the pathogens was 29.6%. The predominantly was Rickettsia spp. (27.1%) (with R. raoultii—9.1%) followed by Babesia spp. (2.4%) with B. canis (1.5%) as the most frequent. Based on 18S rRNA gene sequence, three B. canis genotypes were revealed. The prevalence of R. raoultii and B. canis was significantly higher in ticks from natural biotopes. The infection rates of B. afzelii and A. phagocytophilum were determined at 0.9% and 0.3%, respectively. Co-infections were detected in 3.8% of infected ticks. In diagnosing tick-borne diseases in humans, tick-borne lymphadenopathy should not be excluded. The prevalence of different genotypes of B. canis suggests differences in the clinical picture of canine babesiosis in the area.

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection rates in questing and host-attached ticks: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 152 publications

The Risk of Exposure to Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a Spa Town in Northern Poland

The Risk of Exposure to Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a Spa Town in Northern Poland

Africa-wide meta-analysis on the prevalence and distribution of human cystic echinococcosis and canine Echinococcus granulosus infections

Tick-borne pathogens in questing adults Dermacentor reticulatus from the Eastern European population (north-eastern Poland)

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