Anatomic Basis for Vascularized Outer-Table Calvarial Bone Flaps

Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve and Its Relationship to Fascial Layers

“…The temporoparietal fascia descending to the zygomatic arch lost its fascial layers and became a foamy tissue (Figures 3 and 6). The level of change varied and was observed at approxi- 27 superficial fat pad, 7,11,17,20 or subgaleal fat pad 20 …”

The Lateral Skull Base: A Vascular Perspective with Clinical Implications

“…12 We confirmed that the periosteum of the occipital, frontal, and parietal regions could be split into a more superficial "periosteal" layer continuous inferiorly with the innominate fascia and a deeper "subperiosteal" layer adherent to the bone. 13 We also found that the innominate fascia was supplied by fine vessels that appeared to arise from the superficial temporal artery system. This finding implies that the layer is vital and that more layers are locally available for reconstructive purposes.…”

Reconstructing the eyelids after exenteration and trauma

“…c Result of treatment before further modeling of the lower eyelid This is due to the presence of sinuses, thin orbital walls and possible defects. Therefore, the preliminary use of classical or vascularized bone grafts in some special cases should be considered [4,17,33,34]. In addition, younger patients are strongly opposed to prostheses because they will not accept any limitations to their activity, primarily in sports.…”