Anatomic Characteristics of Pronator Quadratus Muscle: A Cadaver Study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo identify the anatomic characteristics of the pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle and the entry zone (EZ) of the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) to this muscle by means of cadaver dissection.MethodsWe examined the PQ muscle and AIN in 20 forearms from 10 fresh cadavers. After identifying the PQ muscle and the EZ of the AIN, we measured the distances from the midpoint (MidP) of the PQ muscle and EZ to the vertical line passing the tip of the ulnar styloid process (MidP_X and EZ_X, respectively) and to the medial border of the ulna (MidP_Y and EZ_Y, respectively). Forearm length (FL) and wrist width (WW) were also measured, and the ratios of MidP and EZ to FL and of MidP and EZ to WW were calculated.ResultsThe MidP was found to be 3.0 cm proximal to the ulnar styloid process or distal 13% of the FL and 2.0 cm lateral to the medial border of the ulna or ulnar 40% side of the WW, which was similar to the location of EZ. The results reveal a more distal site than was reported in previous studies.ConclusionWe suggest that the proper site for needle insertion and motor point block of the PQ muscle is 3 cm proximal to the ulnar styloid process or distal 13% of the FL and 2 cm lateral to the medial border of the ulna or ulnar 40% side of the WW.

The Pronator Quadratus Muscle After Volar Plating: Ultrasound Evaluation of Anatomical Changes Correlated to Patient-Reported Clinical Outcome

“…20,21 Cadaveric studies have shown equal length measurements of the PQ muscle between right and left hands. 22,23 The thickness of the PQ muscle could be bigger on the dominant side. 19 We have not found studies questioning the difference in length of the PQ muscle between dominant and nondominant hands, and there is no evidence to suggest the length of the PQ muscle differs between hand dominance.…”

Rotational Corrective Osteotomy for Malunited Distal Diaphyseal Radius Fractures in Children and Adolescents

“…A residual rotational deformity should be suspected in a patient with distal diaphyseal radius fracture who manifests restriction of forearm supination, despite a mild-to-moderate angulation deformity on plain x-ray. In this study, because all deformity sites were located in the distal fifth of the malunited radius, which is the proximal insertion site of the pronator quadratus muscle, 17 pronation deformity may have occurred because of the contraction of that muscle.…”

An anatomical and biomechanical assessment of the interosseous membrane of the cadaveric forearm

“…They described a two-bundle method of isometric IOM reconstruction allowing for anatomical reconstruction of the oblique nature of the IOM. Based on an anatomical study by Choung et al. (2016), this technique places the ulnar insertion (distal end) of the reconstructed tendon at 24% and ulnar insertion (proximal end) of the reconstructed IOM at 33% when compared with the length of the ulna.…”

“…Based on an anatomical study by Choung et al (2016), this technique places the ulnar insertion (distal end) of the reconstructed tendon at 24% and ulnar insertion (proximal end) of the reconstructed IOM at 33% when compared with the length of the ulna. This places the reconstructed IOM more distally than in the normal IOM.…”