Anatomic Data Regarding the Surgical Treatment of Angina Pectoris

Saccomanno, Geno; Utterback, Robert A.; Klemme, Roland M.

doi:10.1097/00000658-194701000-00004

Cited by 12 publications

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“…In addition, one or two thoracic CNs were usually found to originate from the left second and/or third thoracic ganglia and to travel to the base of the heart. The presence of such thoracic CNs in cats, dogs and humans was reported by some investigators (MCKIBBEN and GETTY, 1968a, b;NONIDEZ, 1939;SACCOMANO et al, 1947) but was ruled out by others (MIZERES, 1955(MIZERES, , 1958RANDALL et al, 1972). Furthermore, a branch, which corresponds to Mizeres' innominate CN or cervical CNs found in dogs on the right and left, respectively (MIZERES, 1955(MIZERES, , 1958, was not evident in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the present work, we attempted, firstly, to demonstrate the anatomic pathways of the sympathetic nerves to the heart in rats, since previous reports were confined to the findings in large animals such as cats (NONIDEZ, 1939 ;MCKIBBEN and GETTY, 1968b), dogs (MCKIBBEN and GETTY, 1968a;MIZERES, 1955MIZERES, , 1958NONIDEZ, 1939), sheep (WAITES, 1957) and humans (SACCOMANO et al, 1947). The second and major purpose was to clarify the features of activities of the CN in rats by comparing reflex discharges between the CN and cervical postganglionic sympathetic nerve (CSN), in response to visceral or somatosensory input.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves in Rats: Anatomical and Functional Features

Yasunaga

Nosaka

1979

Jpn.J.Physiol

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1. Anatomical pathways and natures of reflex as well as spontaneous activities of cardiac sympathetic nerves (CNs) were investigated in rats. 2. Anatomically, the stellate CNs on both sides provide a major sympathetic supply to the rat heart with additional contribution of the thoracic CNs on the left side. 3. Functions of these CNs were studied in chloralose-urethane anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. Electrical stimulation of these CNs produced an increase in heart rate and a rise in blood pressure. The increase in heart rate was more potent on the right-side stimulation, while the rise in blood pressure was greater on the left-side stimulation. 4. Stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) inhibited spontaneous discharges of the CN for a longer period as compared with those of the cervical postganglionic sympathetic nerve (CSN). On the other hand, stimulation of the sural nerve produced a longer lasting reflex increase in discharges of the CN as compared with that of the CSN. These findings suggest that cardioregulatory sympathetic outflow is more affected by visceral and somatosensory input than is the other sympathetic outflows. 5. Spontaneous discharges of both nerves showed a rhythmicity associated with heart beats. Although the magnitude of this rhythmicity was not clearly different between these two nerves, the time from bottom to peak firing level of the phasic discharges of the CN was significantly longer than that of the CSN. This finding is consistent with the longer lasting effect of the ADN stimulation on the CN discharges.Since the cardiac nerve (CN) innervates the heart, including the conduction systems, myocardium and coronary arteries, its function can be regarded as purely circulatory and may differ from functions by the other sympathetic nerves. This assumption stems from the view that the activities of different sympathetic nerves show a non-uniform pattern NINOMIYA et al., 1970NINOMIYA et al., , 1971

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves in Rats: Anatomical and Functional Features

Yasunaga

Nosaka

1979

Jpn.J.Physiol

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“…A number of authors have suggested from experiments on dogs that amplification of ventricular contraction might be the predominant function of the left thoracic cardiac nerves (Fogelson, 1929;Saccomanno, Utterback & Klemme, 1947;Randall & Rohse, 1956). It is here apparent that apart from branches which pass to the oesophagus and lung, the nerves which form a plexus around the left azygos vein mainly innervate the ventricular muscle rather than the sino-auricular or auriculo-ventricular nodal regions (Figs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The course of the efferent cardiac nerves of the sheep*

Waites¹

1957

The Journal of Physiology

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The purpose of the work to be discussed was to trace the main routes followed by the efferent nerves to the heart in the sheep. Since the thoracic autonomic nervous system of this species is nowhere described in detail, illustrations of some dissections will be presented so that sites of stimulation referred to in the text may be more precisely indicated. METHODSThree Dorset Horn, twelve Clun Forest and twenty-six Welsh Mountain sheep of both sexes were used. Their ages ranged from 1 month to 4 years and their weights from 14-3 to 76-1 kg. Four sheep were anaesthetized with a mixture of chloralose (Hopkins and Williams, 17-0-59-0 mg/kg body weight) and urethane (May and Baker, 170-590 mg/kg) intravenously; during the experiment anaesthesia was maintained by intravenous infusion of 260-7-86 mg of chloralose and 26-0-78-6 mg of urethane/kg/hr. Except for one sheep which was anaesthetized throughout with intravenous pentobarbital (Nembutal, Abbott Laboratories), the remainder, after induction with pentobarbital (16.0-36-4 mg/kg), were anaesthetized by continuous intratracheal cyclopropane (10-150 ml./min) with oxygen (50-300 ml./min) administered from a Boyle's apparatus in a closed circuit with soda-lime for CO2 absorption. In most of the experiments an intravenous transfusion of either plasma substitute or homologous blood (50-200 ml./hr) was maintained throughout.The cervical sympathetic and vagal nerves were first isolated and prepared for subsequent stimulation or dividing, after which one of three surgical procedures was followed: (1) The thoracic vagal trunks and their connexions were exposed by splitting the sternum along the mid line in eight experiments; or (2) parts of the thoracic sympathetic chains and their branches in twenty-five other experiments were exposed by resecting two to nine ribs on one side or both, either by a dorsal approach through the muscular attachments of the scapula or ventrally by dissection of the pectoral muscles; or (3) laminectomy of the seventh cervical to the eighth thoracic vertebrae was performed in five further experiments.These last experiments were performed because the rami communicantes of the middle and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia are very short and inaccessible, and it was impossible to stimulate them without danger of current spread to the ganglia themselves (see Fig. 1). When exposed the spinal cord was covered with warm liquid paraffin, and moist silk ligatures were * Part of the work presented as a dissertation for a Ph.D. degree to the University of Cambridge.

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“…The pernicious circle of anginal pain in status anginosus can be broken by sympathectomy, probably on the same basis that reflex sympathetic dystrophy is helped. 5. Horner's syndrome is not a valid contraindication to carrying the resection to the lower stellate ganglion (first thoracic), especially when the resection is bilateral.…”

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Relief of Angina Pectoris by Sympathectomy

Evans¹,

Poppen²,

Tobias³

1950

JAMA

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The affinity of radioactive dye for tumor tissue was related to the cellularity and vascular pattern of the tumor. The more malignant the neoplasm, the greater was the radiofluorescein concentration. Metastatic carci¬ nomas and sarcomas gave counts of the highest differ¬ ential range. Next were the glioblastomas and the vascular cellular meningiomas. The astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas showed the lowest differential count of all the tumors, 'coinciding directly with the relative microscopic scarcity of capillaries in these tumors.

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Anatomic Data Regarding the Surgical Treatment of Angina Pectoris

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves in Rats: Anatomical and Functional Features

Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves in Rats: Anatomical and Functional Features

The course of the efferent cardiac nerves of the sheep*

Relief of Angina Pectoris by Sympathectomy

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