Anatomic study of the distal supraorbital nerve

Malet, T.; Braun, Marc; Fyad, J.-P.; Jl, George

doi:10.1007/s00276-997-0377-z

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1,19,22,28 As noted by Tolhurst et al 26 and Tremolada et al,27 in the orbitofrontal region above the supraorbital rim deep branches are located within the subgaleal fascia. 9,11 They are organized in parallel vascularized sheets which are interconnected with perpendicular vessels.…”

Section: The Supraorbital Neurovascular Bundle / Erdogmus and Govsamentioning

confidence: 84%

“…5 Anatomical studies in the orbitofrontal region have been conducted to examine the points of exit of the supraorbital nerves from the orbit, their peripheral course and branching patterns in order to avoid postoperative complications. 16,19,22,23 Frontal and supraorbital transcranial passages have been studied, and their relation to the bony structures of the cranium has been observed by various investigators. 11,24,25 Precise measurements on a large number of skulls have been undertaken on the supraorbital notches and or foramina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is a clinical need for a detailed knowledge concerning the exits and branching pattern of the supraorbital nerves and vessels. 16,19,22 Traditionally, a forehead flap is designed in the orbitofrontal region based on the dual blood supply provided by the right and the left supraorbital arteries. 13,18,32 The branches diverging from these arteries become superficial-and deep-form arterial network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy of the Supraorbital Region and the Evaluation of it for the Reconstruction of Facial Defects

Erdoğmuş

Gövsa²

2007

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Damaged supraorbital neurovascular bundle during anterior orbital approach, fronto-glabellar reconstruction flap, supraorbital injection, blepharospasm, and Graves disease surgery is an important complication reported with varying frequency. The origin, calibration, and branches of the supraorbital artery and its topographical relations were investigated by injection of the arterial bed with red-dyed latex in 38 forehead regions. The supraorbital artery with the supratrochlear artery arose from the orbit as two separate vessels in 33 out of 38 forehead sides (87%). The supraorbital artery entered the frontalis muscle between 20 and 30 mm in 20 cases (52.6%), and between 30 and 40 mm in 16 cases (42.1%). This artery was located approximately the subcutaneous tissues between 40 and 50 mm in 17 cases (44.7%), between 50 and 60 mm in 18 cases (47.4%). The transverse supraorbital vein coursed at the level of the orbital rim on 22 sides (58%) and between 6.1 and 11.2 mm (mean: 9.4 mm) above the supraorbital rim on 16 sides (42%). All branches of supraorbital nerve were located between 2.0 and 3.2 cm from the midline at the level of the orbital rim. In 23 cases (60%), the lateral branch of the supraorbital nerve exited the bone as two branches, usually one large and one much smaller, which can together run into the scalp without further branching. In the present anatomical study, special attention was paid to morphological details concerning the neurovascular relationship of the supraorbital region. A better understanding of the midline forehead neurovascularity should allow modification of reconstructive techniques, afford better localization of the supraorbital nerve during blepharoplasty and ptosis surgery, and reduce the incidence of postoperative hematomas and nerve injuries.

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Section: The Supraorbital Neurovascular Bundle / Erdogmus and Govsamentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy of the Supraorbital Region and the Evaluation of it for the Reconstruction of Facial Defects

Erdoğmuş

Gövsa²

2007

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…[1][2][3] Certain references mention an extant horizontal branch of the supraorbital nerve. Schäter and Thane 4 and Duke-Elder 5 reported a connection between the horizontal branch of the supraorbital nerve and temporal branch of the facial nerve.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Branch of the Supraorbital Nerve and Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve

Hwang¹,

Hwang

Cho

et al. 2005

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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The aim of this article is to describe anatomical detail of the course and territory of the horizontal branch of the supraorbital nerve, which connects with temporal branch of the facial nerve. Eighteen hemifaces of Korean cadavers (11 male, 7 female) fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution were dissected. All 18 specimens had horizontal branch of the supraorbital nerve. The horizontal branch emerges out of the supraorbital foramen, runs upward about 12 mm, and then turns laterally at an angle of 104.7 degrees toward the end of the eyebrow. The average number of horizontal branches was 1.7 +/- 0.8. The skin boundary supplied by the horizontal branch was a circle with a diameter of 30 mm. The center was located at 30 mm lateral to the supraorbital foramen and 12 mm above. Grossly, the horizontal branch of the supraorbital nerve connected with the temporal branch of the facial nerve in 8 of 18 (44%) specimens. Microscopically, both nerve branches had common epineurium, but the perineuria were separated. The horizontal branch of the supraorbital nerve is in touch with the temporal branch of the facial nerve, and there are actual connections between them in 44% of cases.

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“…Besides the 7 exit variations [4] , there is the possibility of a pair of sub-foramina in the lateral or medial exit, a rare variation (0.5 -5.0 % ) documented in previous reports [3,7,9] and the present study (1.1 % ). These subforamina tend to be positioned almost vertically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Course of the Bony Canal Associated with High-Positioned Supraorbital Foramina: An Anatomic Study to Facilitate Safe Mobilization of the Supraorbital Nerve

Shimizu

Osawa²,

Utsuki³

et al. 2008

Minim Invasive Neurosurg

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Anatomic study of the distal supraorbital nerve

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Anatomy of the Supraorbital Region and the Evaluation of it for the Reconstruction of Facial Defects

Anatomy of the Supraorbital Region and the Evaluation of it for the Reconstruction of Facial Defects

Horizontal Branch of the Supraorbital Nerve and Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve

Course of the Bony Canal Associated with High-Positioned Supraorbital Foramina: An Anatomic Study to Facilitate Safe Mobilization of the Supraorbital Nerve

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