Anatomical characteristics of stem, branch and root wood in European black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.)

Abstract

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Yield Performance of Woody Crops on Marginal Agricultural Land in Latvia, Spain and Ukraine

“…The most productive period is also reached later on marginal land, and longer rotation periods are advisable [52]. Due to nitrogen fixing bacteria, alder has shown to be beneficial to nitrogen-poor soil, and thus, to growth of admixed woody species [101][102][103][104]. Based on performance data from stands established some 15-20 years ago in Latvia, on marginal land black alder produced 2.1 Mg ha −1 y −1 at the age of 8 and 7.0 Mg ha −1 y −1 at the age of 15 at assumed stand density of 2000 trees per hectare (based on Daugaviete et al [97]).…”

“…There are also some unconventional tools to improve site conditions for growth of woody crops, for example, utilization of other species as nurse plants that provide shade, improve soil structure and water-holding capacity or nitrogen fixation in soil [101,[122][123][124].…”

Ultrasound test for root wood elastomechanical characterization

“…Compared with the branching mode of the roots, a more regular branching shape is observed in the trunk; moreover, the meristem of the roots is influenced by external tension, while the trunk presents a single terminal meristem (Drénou 2006). In addition to the differences highlighted by Drénou (2006), there are several additional anatomical differences (Vurdu 1977;Fortunel et al 2014). Characteristics of vessels, fibers, and parenchyma are examples of anatomical differences among root, branch, and stem in studies cited by Fortunel et al (2014), while fiber length and proportions of elements (rays, longitudinal parenchyma, fibers, and vessels) are examples in the research presented by Vurdu (1977).…”

“…However, few studies have focused on the physical, mechanical, and anatomical properties of roots. Fortunel et al (2014), Amoah et al (2012), andVurdu (1977) are examples of these studies. This lack of research is primarily because of the difficulty of accessing roots and the lack of commercial interest (Fortunel et al 2014;Lemay et al 2018).…”

Comparative Analysis for Anatomical Differences between Branch and Trunk in White Mulberry Wood

“…Bu nedenle ağaç malzemenin uygun şekilde kullanılması için özelliklerinin tam tanımlanması önemlidir. Ağaçların anatomik özellikleri onların kullanım alanlarını belirler (Englerth, 1966;McElwee ve ark., 1970;Vurdu, 1977). Kullanım alanları için ağacın daha ziyade gövde odunu değerlendirildiğinden çalışmalar gövde odunu üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır.…”