Anatomical explanations for the changes in properties of western red cedar (Thuja plicata) wood during heat treatment

Awoyemi, L.; Jones, I.P.

doi:10.1007/s00226-010-0315-9

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Abundant literature can be found about this process's effect on wood's chemical composition, but the same cannot be said about anatomy (Awoyemi and Jones 2011). Of the few studies about the cell dimensions of thermally modified wood (Andersson et al 2005, Awoyemi and Jones 2011, Bakar et al 2003, Boonstra et al 2006a, 2006b, Hietala et al 2002, none has focused on eucalyptus, which is forest species planted the most in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural aspects of thermally modified Eucalyptus grandis wood

Batista

Paes

Muñiz

et al. 2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Thermal modification of wood is a process that has drawn considerable attention of Brazilian researchers, but studies about the effect of this process on wood anatomy are scarce, even in the worldwide literature. The aim of this work was to perform a preliminary analysis of the effect of the Brazilian thermal modification process called VAP HolzSysteme ® on the cell dimensions of Eucalyptus grandis wood. The investigated treatments corresponded to three final cycle temperatures (140, 160 and 180 °C), which were compared to untreated wood. Wood anatomy was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, in the latter case to measure the dimensions of fibers, vessel elements and ray parenchyma. The qualitative analysis using SEM indicated that no significant changes occurred on the structure of ray parenchyma, vessels and fibers tissues. Even tyloses was preserved in the vessel elements of thermally modified wood at the highest temperature (180 °C). Likewise, no quantitative changes were observed in the dimensions of fibers, vessels diameter and ray parenchyma height.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It resulted in destruction of tracheid walls and ray tissues, pit deaspiration and increased size of the pits (Awoyemi and Jones 2011). Other studies have also revealed that thermal modification causes changes in wood microstructure, which are strongly associated with the species and the characteristics of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural aspects of thermally modified Eucalyptus grandis wood

Batista

Paes

Muñiz

et al. 2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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“…With respect to the relationship between temperature and wood mechanical properties, most previous studies merely focused on the effect of high temperature (>140 °C) treatments (Kubojima et al 2000;Moraes et al 2004;Awoyemi and Jones 2011). However, there are many wood applications below 0 °C, such as for the body of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) ship to contain LNG at -163 °C (Zhang et al 2009), and for the roof of wooden-structural housing to withstand the snow pressure and low temperature impact (Ayrilmis et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low Temperature Cyclic Treatments on Modulus of Elasticity of Birch Wood

Zhao¹,

Lu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of birch (Betula platyphylla) wood specimens with four different moisture content (MC) levels, i.e., watersaturated, green, air-dried, and oven-dried, were examined under a low temperature condition ranging from -196 °C (liquid nitrogen temperature) to +20 °C (room temperature). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to evaluate the dynamic viscoelastic properties before and after the low temperature treatment, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the crystal structure. The results showed that MOE with different MC increased after the low temperature treatment. Specimens with higher MCs were more affected by the treatment than specimens with lower MCs. However, the effect of low temperature treatment (within four times) on MOE was not significant (P = 0.053 -0.225). Cyclic treatments of liquid nitrogen did not decrease wood MOE. As a structural material, wood has a better residence to low temperatures compared to concrete, in which mechanical properties decreased dramatically after one cycle of low to room temperature.

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“…However, axial surfaces often represent the weakest point of wooden objects in above ground applications. Unmodifi ed spruce wood samples retained approximately 0.00169 g/mm 2 of water in 200 seconds. The modifi cation of spruce at low temperature (160 °C) resulted in higher water uptake (0.00218 g/mm 2 ).…”

Section: Zlahtic Thaler Humar: Water Uptake Of Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unmodifi ed spruce wood samples retained approximately 0.00169 g/mm 2 of water in 200 seconds. The modifi cation of spruce at low temperature (160 °C) resulted in higher water uptake (0.00218 g/mm 2 ). The reason for the increased water uptake is linked to certain anatomical changes, such as the destruction of tracheid walls, ray tissues, pit de-aspiration due to heat treatment and thus an increase in the wood cell wall porosity (Awoyemi and Jones, 2011).…”

Section: Zlahtic Thaler Humar: Water Uptake Of Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%