Anatomical Marker for Resistance of Ulmus americana to Ceratocystis ulmi

Sinclair, W. A.

doi:10.1094/phyto-65-349

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Resistance to DED is strictly associated with the host's capacity to quickly localize the infection, preventing the pathogen from both spreading in the vascular system (Sinclair et al 1975) and reaching the cambium (Shigo & Tippet 1981, Bonsen et al 1985. A systemic infection drastically reduces the hydraulic conductivity in the functional xylem, which in elms is limited to the current year ring (Ellmore & Ewers 1985), mainly because of embolism development and progression (Zimmermann & McDonough 1978, Newbanks et al 1983).…”

Section: Host Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Avoidance by early flushing: a new perspective on Dutch elm disease research

Ghelardini¹,

Santini²

2009

iForest

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Section: Host Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the CODIT model brings together different evidence about factors related to DED resistance. Anatomical characters, such as low vessel diameter and length (Elgersma 1970, Sinclair et al 1975, Solla & Gil 2002 or small size of vessel groups (Pope 1943, McNabb et al 1970),…”

Section: Host Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Avoidance by early flushing: a new perspective on Dutch elm disease research

Ghelardini¹,

Santini²

2009

iForest

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“…Therefore, a slight increase in vessel diameter will cause a considerable increase in conductivity, which in DED-infected trees will most likely increase the passive transport of fungal propagules (Sinclair et al 1975;Solla and Gil 2002). Wide vessels are reportedly more vulnerable to cavitation by wounding, winter freezing, water stress, and vascular diseases (Gorsuch and Oberbauer 2002;Tyree and Zimmermann 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bordered pit and ray morphology involvement in elm resistance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

et al. 2009

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The main objective of this study was to identify differential anatomical features between Ulmus pumila L. and Ulmus minor Mill. clones resistant to Dutch elm disease and U. minor clones susceptible to Dutch elm disease, with a focus on the intervascular pits and medullary rays. Resistant elms showed lower mean values than susceptible elms for pit membrane diameter, pit aperture area, pit membrane abundance per vessel-wall area, ray width, and ray tangential area. A principal component analysis of the parameters measured revealed slight differentiation between species but clearly grouped U. minor clones according to their susceptibility group. In comparison with susceptible elms, the pit structure observed in resistant elms may limit passive fungal spread within the sapflow, lower the probability of fungal cells passively reaching pit membranes, and reduce the vulnerability of the xylem to cavitation. Similarly, the ray structure observed in the resistant elms is likely to reduce the amount of easily accessible nutrients available for fungal growth as well as the rate of radial colonization in comparison with susceptible elms. Examination of the principal component loadings suggested that susceptible U. minor clones were mainly characterized by enhanced values of pit membrane abundance per vessel-wall area relative to resistant U. minor trees.Résumé : L'objectif principal de cette étude était d'identifier les différences dans les caractéristiques anatomiques entre des clones d'Ulmus pumila L. et d'U. minor Mill. résistants à la maladie hollandaise de l'orme et des clones d'U. minor sensibles à la maladie hollandaise de l'orme en mettant l'accent sur les ponctuations intervasculaires et les rayons médul-laires. Le diamètre des membranes de ponctuations, la superficie de l'ouverture des ponctuations et l'abondance des membranes de ponctuations par unité de surface des parois des vaisseaux, de largeur des rayons et de superficie tangentielle des rayons étaient en moyenne plus faibles chez les ormes résistants. Une analyse en composantes principales des paramètres qui ont été mesurés a révélé une légère différentiation entre les espèces mais a clairement regroupé les clones d'U. minor selon leur groupe de sensibilité. Comparativement aux ormes sensibles, la structure des ponctuations observée chez les ormes résistants pourrait limiter la propagation passive du champignon avec le mouvement de la sève, réduire la probabilité que les cellules fongiques atteignent passivement les membranes de ponctuations et diminuer la vulnérabilité du xylème à la cavitation. De la même façon, la structure des rayons observée chez les ormes résistants réduit probablement la quantité de nutriments facilement accessibles et disponibles pour la croissance du champignon ainsi que le taux de colonisation radiale comparativement aux ormes sensibles. L'examen de la saturation des composantes principales indique que les clones sensibles d'U. minor étaient principalement caractérisés par des valeurs plus élevées de l'abondance des membranes de po...

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“…Compared with susceptible elms, both at species and individual level, naturally resistant elms show some peculiar anatomical features such as smaller (McNabb et al 1970, Sinclair et al 1975, Solla & Gil 2002a, 2002b, Solla et al 2005b) and shorter vessels (Elgersma 1970, Ewers et al 1990, Tyree & Zimmermann 2002, smaller pit membrane diameter and pit aperture area, lower pit membrane abundance per vesselwall, smaller ray width and ray tangential area (Martín et al 2009). Anatomical features, however, show much variability also between and within species.…”

Section: Host Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Induced resistance to DED is associated strictly with the host's capacity to quickly localize the infection, preventing the pathogen from spreading in the vascular system (Sinclair et al 1975) and reaching the cambium (Shigo & Tippet 1981, Bonsen et al 1985. Reactions taking place as a consequence of the infection may include vessel closing by tyloses, embolisms, accumulation of pectin and hemicelluloses (Elgersma 1982, Shigo 1982, Ouellette & Rioux 1992, Rioux et al 1998, synthesis of chemicals such as phytoalexin-like sesquiterpenes (Jeng et al 1983, Duchesne et al 1985, Sticklen et al 1991, and formation of histological barriers typically containing phenols and suberin (Rioux & Ouellette 1991a, 1991b, Ouellette et al 2004a, 2004b, Et-Touil et al 2005.…”

Section: Host Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%