Anatomical, morphometric and radiographic study of the humerus in lesser anteater (Tamandua mexicana Saussure, 1860): terminological and functional analyses

Evolutionary anatomical and functional characteristics of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles in the northern anteater (Tamandua mexicana)

“…In T. mexicana, there is a significant difference between the two muscle groups (elbow extensors and flexors), where extension of the elbow requires more force. This specialization of the elbow has been reported in Xenarthras and has occurred evolutionarily to generate more stable joints capable of adapting to the arboreal and digging habits of these species (Alfieri et al, 2022;Heredia-Díaz et al, 2022;Scheidt et al, 2022). Similarly, in the present study, it is evident that the muscles acting at the elbow have the highest proportion of the total mass of the thoracic limb muscles.…”

“…Thirteen cadavers of T. mexicana , corresponding to five females and eight males, without a diagnosis of osteomuscular disease in their thoracic limbs, were used. Nine of them had been used in previous studies (Heredia‐Díaz et al, 2022; Polania‐Guzmán & Vélez‐García, 2019; Vélez‐García et al, 2020, 2021). The other four specimens (three adult males and one adult female) were used only for the present study.…”

“…The anatomical findings were described according to the current terminology of the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (NAV) (International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature, 2017). However, the attachments were described based on the bony landmarks previously determined in the scapula (Vélez‐García et al, 2020) and humerus (Heredia‐Díaz et al, 2022). With regard to the nomenclature for anconei muscles, we agree with that used by Barone (2020), who named anconeus lateralis and anconeus medialis in the domestic cat ( Felis catus ) and rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ).…”

>b<Anatomia macroscópica do sistema muscular-esquelético do membro torácico e plexo braquial do Tamanduá do Norte (>i<Tamanduá mexicana>/i<)>/b<

“…Os principais estudos anatômicos sobre o Tamandua mexicana são baseados na sua osteologia, abordando diferentes ossos do membro torácico e a anatomia radiográfica dos mesmos (CALVO VARELA et al, 2022;HEREDIA-DÍAZ;ECHEVERRY-BONILLA, 2022;LOZADA-GALLEGOS et al, 2020;TORRES-SUÁREZ;ECHEVERRY-BONILLA, 2020). Quanto aos músculos do membro torácico, a anatomia dos músculos crânio-laterais do antebraço (POLANIA-GUZMÁN; VÉLEZ-GARCÍA, 2019), e do musculo flexor digital profundo (VÉLEZ-GARCÍA; ARBELÁEZ-QUIÑONES; MONTEALEGRE-HURTADO, 2021) foram feitos.…”