– Anatomical pathology Digital analysis of the orbit using the non-referring method

Lepich, Tomasz; Dąbek, Józefa; Piechota, Mieczysław; Bajor, Grzegorz; Aniszewski, Łukasz; Markowski, Jarosław

doi:10.5114/aoms.2014.40744

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Literature Literature Literature Orbit Volume (cm 3 ) 24.3 [43] � 25.6 [62] � 26.8 [63] 25-28.9 [13,[45][46][47] 27.7 [64] 33.2 [65] 26.8 [49] 27.8 [66] 29.6 [50] 29.2 [64] 23.2 [51] 26.5 [49] 25.6 [66] 25.9 [64] Orbit width 39.7 [67] � 39.8 [52] -41.3 [53] 41.7 [64] 35 [68] 39.8 [54] 41 [69] 42.5 [64] 44.2 [55] 33.6 [68] 36.9 [54] 39 [69] 41 [64] 42.1 [54] Orbit height 2 (Inf-SupM) 33.4 [52] 34.1 [64] 36.2 [67] � 36.6 [45] 32.4 [10] 33.6 [64] 35.9 [56] 36.6 [68] 39 [69] 31.8 [10] 34.1 [64] 35.4 [56] 35.7 [68] 37 [69] Orbit lenght medial 41.3 [61] � [64] 43 [57] 46.9…”

Section: All Groups Male Femalementioning

confidence: 99%

3-D cephalometry of the the orbit regarding endocrine orbitopathy, exophthalmos, and sex

et al. 2022

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Purpose This study aimed at evaluating the orbital anatomy of patients concerning the relevance of orbital anatomy in the etiology of EO (endocrine orbitopathy) and exophthalmos utilizing a novel approach regarding three-dimensional measurements. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism in orbital anatomy was analyzed. Methods Orbital anatomy of 123 Caucasian patients (52 with EO, 71 without EO) was examined using computed tomographic data and FAT software for 3-D cephalometry. Using 56 anatomical landmarks, 20 angles and 155 distances were measured. MEDAS software was used for performing connected and unconnected t-tests and Spearman´s rank correlation test to evaluate interrelations and differences. Results Orbital anatomy was highly symmetrical with a mean side difference of 0.3 mm for distances and 0.6° for angles. There was a small albeit statistically significant difference in 13 out of 155 distances in women and 1 in men concerning patients with and without EO. Two out of 12 angles showed a statistically significant difference between female patients with and without EO. Regarding sex, statistically significant differences occurred in 39 distances, orbit volume, orbit surface, and 2 angles. On average, measurements were larger in men. Concerning globe position within the orbit, larger distances to the orbital apex correlated with larger orbital dimensions whereas the sagittal position of the orbital rim defined Hertel values. Conclusion In this study, little difference in orbital anatomy between patients with and without EO was found. Concerning sex, orbital anatomy differed significantly with men presenting larger orbital dimensions. Regarding clinically measured exophthalmos, orbital aperture anatomy is an important factor which has to be considered in distinguishing between true exophthalmos with a larger distance between globe and orbital apex and pseudoexophthalmos were only the orbital rim is retruded. Thus, orbital anatomy may influence therapy regarding timing and surgical procedures as it affects exophthalmos.

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Section: All Groups Male Femalementioning

confidence: 99%

3-D cephalometry of the the orbit regarding endocrine orbitopathy, exophthalmos, and sex

et al. 2022

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“…If the point d is invisible because of total calcification of the sutures or because of its abnormal localisation, the orbit width is measured from the lacrimale (la) point. This point is situated at the crossing of posterior lacrimal crest with frontolacrimal suture [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orbit width is defined as the distance between mf and ek points [3][4][5][6]. It may also be measured from the point called dakryon (d) on the inner side to the ek point.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Opening Shape and Its Alphanumerical Classification

et al. 2015

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In order to make all calculations more objective, computer systems that measure digital pictures were used. A digital analysis of the UMC pictures, combining different techniques of computer graphics, was approved as a more precise and reliable measuring method. Hence, the decision to elaborate an application based on modern methods (raster and vector graphics) that could ensure precision and repeatability of UMC measurements, putting special emphasis on qualitative and quantitative parameters.The purpose of our research was to introduce a metric classification of the orbital opening.Orbit is the main structure of the upper craniofacial massif (UMC). It is one of the most complicated areas of the facial part of the cranium. It is an anatomical structure located in the upper frontal part of the face. It takes the shape of an irregular tetrahedronal pyramid or a cone. The bases of both orbits are directed to the front, slightly laterally. The long axis of both orbits converges to the back and over sella turcica [1,2].Classic anthropometric methods used to measure the skull variability are burdened with mistakes resulting from the construction of measuring devices as well as from researcher's experience. AbstractBackground. Orbit is the one of the most complicated areas of the facial part of cranium. The anthropological analysis of the orbits comprises basic measurement characterizing their shape: width and height. Classic anthropometric methods used to measure the skull variability are burdened with mistakes resulting from construction of measuring devices as well as from researcher's experience. Objectives. The purpose of our research was to introduce a metric classification of the orbital opening. Material and Methods. The study was carried out on 184 skulls. In our study we suggest introducing a classification of the orbital opening shape by calculating a functional for the 15 categories of the orbit shape. Shape categories have been arranged following the increasing value of the functionals. Each shape category of the orbital opening, according to the Piasecki's descriptive classification, was assigned a letter from the alphabet. Results. We have observed a greater number of symmetrical skulls in the female group (29.11%) than in the male (23.81%). In both groups the symmetry type AA was the most frequent, it corresponds to the value of functional comprised in the interval from 0 to 1,30. According to the Piasecki's descriptive classification it was the oval elongated type. Conclusions. Our alphanumerical classification based on the value of functional and on the orbit outline assigned to the value is an objective and useful method of the orbital opening shape analysis (Adv Clin Exp Med 2015, 24, 6, 943-950).

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– Anatomical pathology Digital analysis of the orbit using the non-referring method

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

3-D cephalometry of the the orbit regarding endocrine orbitopathy, exophthalmos, and sex

3-D cephalometry of the the orbit regarding endocrine orbitopathy, exophthalmos, and sex

Orbital Opening Shape and Its Alphanumerical Classification

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