Anatomical position of umbilicus in Latin-American patients

Ribeiro, Ricardo Cavalcanti; Saltz, Renato; Ramírez, Carlos E.; Córdova, Luis Fernandez de

doi:10.1007/s00238-018-1486-0

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The findings of this study contrast that of Yu et al [21] where the umbilicus was located more inferiorly in men compared to women. This study also affirms like most other studies that the umbilicus is not always in the midline [8,12,16]. Rohrich et al [17] reported up to 80% laterality of the umbilicus in their own study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Morphometric Study of Umbilicus Position in a Young Adult Nigcrian Population

Anyanwu¹,

Chikaodili²,

Chia³

2022

AMA

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The umbilicus is a prominent feature on the abdominal wall whose position is a determining factor for body proportion among others. The umbilicus position is known to vary across population and genders. Using a sample of young adults in Nigeria, this study was conducted to determine the position of the umbilicus and other related parameters. The round and protruding types of umbilicus were most common in the studied populations. Similarly, most of the participants had their umbilicus located along the midline. Overall there were no significant differences in the umbilicus of males in comparison to those of females. Proper positioning of the umbilicus is essential in maintaining individual identity. However, recognizing its variation across populations, gender and age are the first in achieving the most appropriate position.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Morphometric Study of Umbilicus Position in a Young Adult Nigcrian Population

Anyanwu¹,

Chikaodili²,

Chia³

2022

AMA

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“…XU, xiphoid to the center of umbilicus; UC, the center of the umbilicus to the abdominal crease; interASIS-U, the center of the umbilicus to the interASIS line; interIC-U, the interIC to the center of the umbilicus Fig. 4 The vertical to horizontal umbilicus (V/H) ratio for all photographs umbilical placement [10][11][12][13], but no other study has looked specifically at ideal male umbilical placement. Yu et al [8] found that the male umbilicus anatomically was located *1cm inferior to females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies make use of the vertical ratios to estimate umbilical placement as well as looking at ethnicity. The following studies examined the ratio of xiphoid process to umbilicus and umbilicus to pubic symphysis: a study of Indian females found the ratio was 1.6 [ 10 ], a study of 100 Korean women showed a ratio of 1.07 [ 11 ], and a further study of 100 Latin-American nulliparous women found a ratio of 1.10 [ 12 ]. This Latin-American study also suggested that the umbilicus lies lateral to the midline axis in 80% of cases [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following studies examined the ratio of xiphoid process to umbilicus and umbilicus to pubic symphysis: a study of Indian females found the ratio was 1.6 [ 10 ], a study of 100 Korean women showed a ratio of 1.07 [ 11 ], and a further study of 100 Latin-American nulliparous women found a ratio of 1.10 [ 12 ]. This Latin-American study also suggested that the umbilicus lies lateral to the midline axis in 80% of cases [ 12 ]. Although these were not the landmarks used in this study, it suggests that the vertical measurements may be the most reliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ideal Male Umbilicus: An Observational Study of Surface Anatomy and Introduction to the SHAPE Classification

Graham

Livingston

2022

Aesth Plast Surg

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Background The umbilicus is crucial to the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. With abdominoplasty and umbilicoplasty, placement of the umbilicus is essential and often left at the surgeon’s discretion. This study aims to investigate the ideal male umbilical shape and location by examining photographs of top male models in 2019. Methods In this observational study, we examined 81 photographs of top male models to assess different ratios based on anatomical landmarks and umbilical appearance. Results The ratio of the distance from the xiphoid to the center of umbilicus (XU) and corresponding distance from center of umbilicus to abdominal crease (UC) had the most reliability (ratio XU/UC, with average measurement: 1.68 ± 0.38), which placed the male navel at a similar position but marginally below the average female umbilicus. Our findings revealed that an oval horizontal is the ideal umbilical shape in males, which differs from what is most aesthetically pleasing in females (oval vertical). In addition, we introduced the SHAPE (Shape, Hood, Adiposity, Protrusion & Position, External piercing) classification for navel appearance to better define the umbilicus and its direct management. Conclusions This study establishes that the ideal male umbilicus differs from that of females; it should be placed at the XU/UC ratio of 1.68 ± 0.38 and aim for a horizontal shape with hooding (SHAPE: H II). The SHAPE classification facilitates a logical stepwise approach for the surgeon to refashion the umbilicus. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Traditionally, the distance from the xyphoid process to the upper edge of the umbilicus (XU), the distance from the upper edge of the umbilicus to the pubis symphysis (UP), and the distance from the upper edge of the umbilicus to the iliac crests (UIC), among others, are used as reference points to determine the perfect umbilicus position. 8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] However, because authors have measured the distances using different body positions (ie, standing versus supine), [9][10][11][12][13][14]17,[19][20][21][22] 2 XU/UP or UIC numbers are not comparable from one study to another (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Abdominal Landmarks and Their Improvements Using Polydioxanone Thread Placement for Umbilicus Elevation

Yu,

Tang,

2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Different landmarks on the abdomen have been used to evaluate abdominal aesthetics. However, because researchers use different methods for landmark measurements, there is no consensus as to which landmarks to use for either assessing abdominal aesthetics or guiding surgical planning. Methods: Female model photographs were analyzed for abdominal aesthetics with the umbilicus as the key dividing point. Because of the limitation on the number of landmarks that could be shown with model photographs, abdominal landmarks on actual female patients were studied. The variations of landmark metrics due to positional changes and before/after our polydioxanone (PDO)–assisted high-definition liposuctions were recorded. Results: For model photographs, the abdominal apex to mid-umbilicus distance (AU) versus midumbilicus to lower abdominal skin crease (UC) ratio was 1.626. Almost all bony landmarks demonstrated significant caudal shift when switched from standing to supine positions. Meanwhile, other landmarks also underwent substantial changes. This provides evidence that metrics taken in different positions cannot be compared with one another. As expected, after umbilici were elevated with our special technique, the relevant metrics improved postoperatively, with results close to being ideal. However, marked deviations from the mean measured values do exist. Conclusions: Abdominal landmarks change with positional adjustment. In standing position, many landmarks can be used for assessment of abdominal aesthetics. Ideally, efforts should be made such that the final AU/UC is close to 1.618, and XU/UP and UIC close to ideal, for satisfactory surgical results. Nevertheless, in actual practice, umbilicus positions can be varied to accomplish desired goals.

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Anatomical position of umbilicus in Latin-American patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Morphometric Study of Umbilicus Position in a Young Adult Nigcrian Population

Morphometric Study of Umbilicus Position in a Young Adult Nigcrian Population

Ideal Male Umbilicus: An Observational Study of Surface Anatomy and Introduction to the SHAPE Classification

Female Abdominal Landmarks and Their Improvements Using Polydioxanone Thread Placement for Umbilicus Elevation

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