Anatomical study of the greater palatine artery and related structures of the palatal vault: considerations for palate as the subepithelial connective tissue graft donor site

Abstract

Palate is considered as a tissue graft donor site for dental surgical procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anatomy of palatal structures, such as greater palatine artery, greater palatine foramen, and incisive fossa, in order to consider their topography at planning the graft dimensions and reduce the potential risk of injury of greater palatine artery. Direct inspection of 41 Thai cadavers was performed. The results showed the statistically significant differences as for the length of female and male palates (p = 0.017); however, vertical measurements were equally distributed in examined population. Main location of greater palatine foramen was palatal to the second molar (35.7%), as well as, interproximal to the second and third molars (35.7%) in women, and palatal to the second molar in men (65%). GPA was branching most frequently at the level of first premolar (38%) and at first and second molars together (43%) in women. In men, the branching on the alveolar process side was commonly observed at the level of first and second premolars together (56%), and at the level of second and third molars together (32%). In the area between maxillary first premolar and second molar, it appeared possible to harvest a connective tissue graft measuring at least 5 mm in height. The results of this research will provide the useful data for other comparative studies and for assisting periodontologists in planning the dimensions and harvesting the subepithelial connective tissue grafts from palate.

Greater palatine foramen – key to successful hemimaxillary anaesthesia: a morphometric study and report of a rare aberration

“…(6,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) The mean value for this measurement in the present study was in agreement with those of earlier studies on Indian skulls. (8,11) The authors are therefore of the opinion that globally, the foramen might be consistently located 14-15 mm from the mid-palatine raphe.…”

“…This incidence is far higher than the findings of Ajmani (in his study of Indian skulls), (8) Saralaya and Nayak, (11) and Sujatha et al (15) Klosek and Rungruang studied the topography of the palate with special reference to obtaining free gingival and connective tissue grafts from this area in order to correct alveolar/gingival mucosal deformities. (13) To estimate the possible length of the graft, the linear measurement of the alveolar process of the maxilla, along which the greater palatine artery runs, needs to be assessed, and this can be used to estimate the distance of the GPF from the incisive fossa. In our study, the mean value for this measurement was 35.5 mm, which is comparable to previous reports by Saralaya and Nayak (37.3 mm), (11) Klosek and Rungruang (34 mm), (13) and Chrcanovic and Custódio (right side 36.2 mm, left side 36.5 mm).…”

“…(13) To estimate the possible length of the graft, the linear measurement of the alveolar process of the maxilla, along which the greater palatine artery runs, needs to be assessed, and this can be used to estimate the distance of the GPF from the incisive fossa. In our study, the mean value for this measurement was 35.5 mm, which is comparable to previous reports by Saralaya and Nayak (37.3 mm), (11) Klosek and Rungruang (34 mm), (13) and Chrcanovic and Custódio (right side 36.2 mm, left side 36.5 mm). (14) Various researchers have studied the direction of the GPF as it opens onto the palate, and the results documented have varied widely.…”

Determination of the Compressive Strengths of Resin Composite and Glass-Ionomer Based Materials

“…13 Ayrıca, kompozit rezinlerin doldurucu partikülleri mekanik özelliklerini etkileyen önemli faktörlerden sayılmaktadır. 15,16 Piyasadaki kompozitlerin rezin matrislerine yerleştiri-len doldurucu partiküllerin büyüklüğü yıllar geçtikçe, geleneksel büyük boyutlu dolduruculardan, nano-hibrit materyallerdeki çok küçük doldurucu boyutlarına doğru değişmiştir. Daha önceki kompozitlerle kıyaslandığında, günü-müzdeki kompozitlerin doldurucu boyutlarında ve morfolojisinde meydana getirilen değişik-liklerin, materyallerin mekanik özelliklerine nasıl etki edeceği önemli bir konu haline geldi.…”

Cone-beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Soft Tissue Thickness and Neurovascular Bundle's Position at the Palatal Region

“…1,14 Bu bölgeden subepitelyal bağ dokusunun çıkarılması sırasında major palatinal arter (MPA), ven ve siniri içeren nörovasküler demete (NVD) zarar verilmemesi, kanama ve parestezi gibi komplikasyonlar açısından önemlidir. [15][16][17] MPA, sert damağı besleyen ana arterdir. Arteria palatina descendes'den orijin alır ve fossa pterygopalatinadan pterygopalatin kanal vasıtasıyla foramen palatinum majusa (FPM) çıkmakta-dır.…”