Anatomical variations of the foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae: findings, review of the literature, and clinical significance during cervical spine surgery

Zibis, Aristeidis; Mitrousias, Vasileios; Baxevanidou, Kyriaki; Hantes, Michael; Karachalios, Theofilos; Arvanitis, Dimitrios

doi:10.1007/s00586-016-4738-3

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sangari SK, 2015 examined only the typical cervical vertebrae and reported the presence of double FT in 24% cases of 71 typical cervical vertebrae [10]. Zibis et al (2016) also observed doubleforamina in 14 vertebrae (13.72 %). In seven vertebrae, theduplication was bilateral (6.86 %) [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Variations of Accessory Foramina Transversaria in Cervical Vertebrae

Jovevska¹

2018

KIJ

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Introduction: The cervical vertebrae are cranially placed, moveable vertebrae in the human body. The characteristic feature of these vertebrae are the presence of a Foramen Transversarium (FT) in each lateral mass. A plexus of sympathetic nerves surrounding the Vertebral Artery (VA) and Vertebral Veins (VV) passes through the FT. The variable number and size of FT may lead to clinically significant conditions.It may be due to variable course of the VA which implicates an embryological basis.Aims: The objective of the present study is to find out the incidence of accessory FT in the cervical vertebrae and its morphological and clinical significance.Material and Methods:There were 117 dried cervical vertebrae available in the Department of Anatomy of Medical Sciences Stip. They were macroscopically studied to find variations in the number of FT.Results: Out of 117 cervical vertebrae accessory FT were found in 25 vertebrae (21.3%). The accessory FT were unilateral in 15 vertebrae (12.8%) and bilateral in 10 vertebrae (8.7%). The unilateral foramina were more common than the bilateral one. The accessory FT were smaller and posteriorly placed compared to the regular FT. Conclusions: In the present study 21.3% of cervical vertebrae showed accessory FT. Among them the unilateral accessory FT was more common than the bilateral variety. The accessory foramina were mostly observed in the lower cervical vertebrae. These anatomical variations and morphology of the FT is useful in the operations involving spine surgeries. It is also of great value to the radiologists in the interpretation of X-ray films and CT-scans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Variations of Accessory Foramina Transversaria in Cervical Vertebrae

Jovevska¹

2018

KIJ

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“…Our case describes bilateral C2 congenital anomalies. The congenital variations of the cervical transverse foramina are characterized by alternate extraosseous pathways of the vertebral artery [8]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Bilateral C2 Transverse Foramina Stenosis Causing Adult-Onset Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency and Posterior Circulation Stroke

Gordhan¹,

Lockhart²

2017

Case Rep Neurol

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Vertebrobasilar insufficiency leading to posterior circulation infarcts caused by congenital hypoplasia of the bilateral transverse foramina at the C2 level, affecting the caliber and flow of the bilateral distal cervical vertebral arteries in an adult, has not been previously reported. A 41-year-old male presented with episodic dizziness for a period of 1 year prior to consultation. Computed tomography angiography of the head and neck demonstrated congenital hypoplasia of the bilateral C2 transverse foramina, with absence of the vertebral arteries in each of the foramina and collateral reconstitution of diminutive intracranial vertebral artery segments. Brain MRI showed postinfarction encephalomalacia in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. The patient was considered not a surgical or endovascular candidate and was managed conservatively with antiplatelet therapy. Congenital anomalies of the bilateral cervical transverse foramina may present with vertebrobasilar insufficiency and infarction in adulthood.

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“…Comparando esse dado, estudos mostraram níveis altos de confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade das medidas por essa metodologia (CAGNIE et al, 2005;KIM et al, 2012;MOLINET GUERRA;ROBLES FUENTES;ROA, 2017;SUREKA et al, 2018;ZIBIS et al, 2018ZIBIS et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Variações Anatômicasunclassified

“…Apesar da divergência nos resultados de DU na literatura, houve concordância com relação aos níveis mais acometidos, sendo C5 e C6 os mais recorrentes para a maioria dos pesquisadores (JAÉN E., 1975;KAYA et al, 2011;METIN TELLIOGLU et al, 2018;ZIBIS et al, 2018ZIBIS et al, , 2016. Em nosso estudo, detectamos que em C6 está o nível mais acometido, com o 51% das vértebras com forame duplicado, seguido pelo nível C5, com 31%.…”

Section: Variações Anatômicasunclassified

“…melhor avaliação pré-operatória por meio da TC. Com relação à amostra, o número de indivíduos em nosso estudo não foi muito grande, mesmo sendo maior que o número de exames avaliados em estudos prévios(GUPTA et al, 2014;KAYA et al, 2011;MOLINET GUERRA;ROBLES FUENTES;ROA, 2017;TAITZ;NATHAN;ARENSBURG, 1978;ZIBIS et al, 2016). Entretanto, considerando a alta proporção de indivíduos detectados em nossa análise com variação anatômica no FT cervical, a avaliação pré-operatória dos parâmetros anatômicos do forame cervical deve ser considerada antes de realizar um procedimento cirúrgico que envolva a abordagem das vértebras cervicais.…”

Anatomical variations of the foramen transversarium in cervical vertebrae: findings, review of the literature, and clinical significance during cervical spine surgery

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Anatomical Variations of Accessory Foramina Transversaria in Cervical Vertebrae

Anatomical Variations of Accessory Foramina Transversaria in Cervical Vertebrae

Congenital Bilateral C2 Transverse Foramina Stenosis Causing Adult-Onset Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency and Posterior Circulation Stroke

Estudo morfométrico do forame transverso

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