Anatomy and Variations of the Mental Foramen

Iwanaga, Joe; Choi, Paul J

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97961-8_6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is situated in the premolar area of the mandibular body, and it represents the opening of the mental canal, lateral bifurcation of the mandibular canal (MC). The MnF and the mental canal are the passageways for the mental vessels and nerve [1,2].…”

Section:  Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topography of the MnF is variable in dentate subjects as compared to edentulous ones, has racial variations, and can be variable bilaterally even in the same individual. These topographic variations may generate the occurrence of complications during various surgical procedures, which is why a prior precise localization of the MnF is required [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section:  Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and orthopantomography (OPG) are useful imaging tools for identifying the position of the MnF [1][2][3].…”

Section:  Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric study for the localization of the mental foramen in relation to the vertical reference plane

Nimigean

Gherghiţă²,

Păun³

et al. 2022

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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Background: The mental foramen (MnF) is the anatomic landmark where the mental neurovascular bundle exits the mandible. Precisely determining the position of the MnF is necessary before all dentoalveolar therapeutic procedures performed in the mandibular premolar area. Materials and Methods: For the study, we performed two ex vivo direct morphometric determinations on dry human dentate and edentate mandibles, and two in vivo imaging morphometric determinations through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and orthopantomography (OPG) in dentate human patients. The following landmarks were used to locate the MnF: the distance between the MnF and the superior border of the mandible (MnF-SB), the distance between the MnF and the inferior border of the mandible (MnF-IB), and the position of the MnF in relation to the root apices of the posterior teeth. The results obtained from these data were processed statistically using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: By direct morphometry on dentate mandibles, the MnF was situated closer to the IB and by direct morphometry on completely edentulous mandibles, the MnF was located closer to the SB. In both direct morphometry studies, the MnF transverse diameter was larger than the vertical one, with the MnF having an oval shape. ANOVA for both direct morphometry studies showed that the distances MnF-IB and MnF-SB significantly vary statistically with interactions and depending on age (p<0.00001). The vertical diameter of the MnF significantly varies statistically depending on age, interactions and between studies, and its transverse diameter varies statistically significantly with interactions and depending on age (p<0.00001). According to OPG and CBCT imaging studies, the MnF was located closer to the IB, and the transverse diameter of the MnF was larger than the vertical diameter; such results are similar to the direct morphometry study performed on dry dentate human mandibles. Regarding the position of the MnF in relation to the root apices, it was most frequently located inferior to the root apices in 79.45% of cases, in 19.23% of cases it was located at the root apices level and in 1.31% of cases it was located superior (coronal) to the root apices. ANOVA for both imaging morphometry studies showed that the MnF-IB distance varies statistically significantly with the interactions, the study, the sex of the patients and their age, the MnF-SB distance varies statistically significantly with the interactions, the study and the patients' age (p<0.05), and the MnF diameters vary statistically significantly with interactions and patient age (p<0.05). Conclusions:The results of this study can help dental practitioners in improving dentoalveolar surgery procedures in the posterior mandible.

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Section:  Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric study for the localization of the mental foramen in relation to the vertical reference plane

Nimigean

Gherghiţă²,

Păun³

et al. 2022

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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“…4 Foramen mental dapat ditemukan bilateral pada kedua sisi mandibula dan sebagian besar terletak di bawah apeks gigi premolar kedua atau antara premolar pertama dan kedua. 5 Saraf mentalis yang keluar pada foramen mental menyediakan persarafan sensorik dan suplai darah ke dagu, bibir bawah, dan gusi. 3 Identifikasi foramen mental pada radiografi panoramik dapat diklasifikasikan dari visibilitasnya terhadap kanalis mandibula.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Tipe visibilitas foramen mental dengan canalis mandibularis pada radiograf panoramik berdasarkan usia dan perbedaan jenis kelaminVisibility type of the mental foramen towards mandibular canal from panoramic radiography according to age and sex

2022

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Foramen mental dan canalis mandibularis merupakan struktur anatomi penting untuk melakukan tindakan perawatan gigi dan mulut seperti anestesi lokal, penempatan implan, fraktur mandibula, dan intervensi bedah di daerah mandible. Identifikasi tipe visibilitas foramen mental dapat membantu meminimalisir terjadinya resiko cedera saraf mentalis. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui tipe visibilitas foramen mental dengan canalis mandibularis pada radiograf panoramik berdasarkan usia dan perbedaan jenis kelamin. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada rekam medis panoramik pasien RSGM Maranatha pada tahun 2019-2020 yang berusia 17-25 tahun, menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Tipe visibilitas foramen mental diamati berdasarkan hubungannya dengan canalis mandibularis pada kedua sisi mandible dari 216 radiograf panoramik. Tipe visibilitas foramen mental dan canalis mandibularis diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 tipe: 1. Continous type; 2. Separated type; 3. Diffuse type; 4. Unidentified type. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode distribusi frekuensi relatif dan tabulasi silang dengan perhitungan persentase baris. Hasil: Tipe visibilitas foramen mental dengan canalis mandibularis pada pasien usia 17-25 tahun adalah separated type dengan persentase tertinggi sebesar 44,4%. Pasien laki-laki dengan jumlah 87 responden menunjukkan tipe visibilitas foramen mental tertinggi yaitu continuous type (43,7%) dan pasien perempuan dengan jumlah 129 responden menunjukkan tipe visibilitas foramen mental tertinggi yaitu separated type (48,1%). Simpulan: Tipe visibilitas foramen mental dengan canalis mandibularis berdasarkan radiografi panoramic pada pasien dengan usia 17-25 tahun menunjukkan tipe visibilitas foramen mental yang paling sering ditemukan adalah separated type, dan terdapat perbedaan tipe visibilitas foramen mental dengan canalis mandibularis berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada pasien dengan usia 17-25 tahun.Kata kunci: tipe visibilitas; foramen mental; canalis mandibularis; radiograf panoramik; usia; jenis kelamin Visibility type of the foramen mental towards canalis mandibularis from panoramic radiography according to age and sex

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IwanagaJ.TubbsR.S. (2021). The mandible: an atlas of osteological and radiological anatomy. 456+viii pp. 831 il. (774 in colour), (8½ × 11) ISBN 978‐0‐398‐09378‐5 (hard) ISBN 978‐0‐398‐09379‐2 (ebook). Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Publisher LTD.

McHanwell¹

2022

Journal of Anatomy

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Anatomy and Variations of the Mental Foramen

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Morphometric study for the localization of the mental foramen in relation to the vertical reference plane

Morphometric study for the localization of the mental foramen in relation to the vertical reference plane

IwanagaJ.TubbsR.S. (2021). The mandible: an atlas of osteological and radiological anatomy. 456+viii pp. 831 il. (774 in colour), (8½ × 11) ISBN 978‐0‐398‐09378‐5 (hard) ISBN 978‐0‐398‐09379‐2 (ebook). Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Publisher LTD.

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